NUR3219C Final Exam Clinical
Manifestations Examination and Actual
Answers.
SIADH - Answer 1) low urine output
2) increased body weight
3) At first = thirst, dyspnea on exertion, and fatigue.
4) Mild hyponatremia --> muscle cramping, irritability, and headache
5) Moderate = as the serum sodium level falls (usually below 120 mEq/L [120 mmol/L]),
manifestations become more severe and include *vomiting, abdominal cramps, and muscle
twitching*
6) Severe = cerebral edema, leading to lethargy, confusion, seizures, and coma.
Diabetes Insipidus - Answer 1) polydypsia
2) polyuria (anywhere from 2-20 L a day)
3) low specific gravity of urine (less than 1.005)
4) low urine osmolality (less than 100 milliosmoles per kg)
5) high serum osmolality (greater than 295 milliosmoles per kg)
6) hypernatremia (>145 mg/dL) --> irritability, mental dullness, coma
7) nocturia
8) generalized weakness
9) Fluid loss results in dehydration, hypotension, tachycardia, hypovolemic shock
Hyperthyroidism - Answer (see notes)
weight loss
diarrhea
depression
heat intolerance
Hypothyroidism - Answer (see notes)
Tiredness
, slow movements and thoughts.
muscle aches and weakness.
muscle cramps
Labs
- high cholesterol + triglycerides
- elevated creatinine kinase
- low RBCs
Hyperparathyroidism - Answer Most are asymptomatic; symptom associated w/
hypercalcemia (see table 49.15)
1) muscle weakness, fatigue; skeletal/bone/joint pain
2) nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss
3) constipation
4) emotional disorders (ex. psychosis, depression)
5) shortened attention span
6) osteoporosis and resulting fractures
7) kidney stones + gallstones
8) renal failure, UTI, hypercalciuria, polyuria
9) pancreatitis, PUD
10) cardiac changes
11) headache
11) HYPERtension
12) DEPRESSED reflexes
13) MOIST skin
Labs
- inc PTH, inc calcium (>10 mg/dL), dec phosphate (<3 mg/dL)
- inc urine calcium + uric acid
- inc creatinine, amylase (if pancreatitis present), and alkaline phosphatase (in presence of bone
disease)
Manifestations Examination and Actual
Answers.
SIADH - Answer 1) low urine output
2) increased body weight
3) At first = thirst, dyspnea on exertion, and fatigue.
4) Mild hyponatremia --> muscle cramping, irritability, and headache
5) Moderate = as the serum sodium level falls (usually below 120 mEq/L [120 mmol/L]),
manifestations become more severe and include *vomiting, abdominal cramps, and muscle
twitching*
6) Severe = cerebral edema, leading to lethargy, confusion, seizures, and coma.
Diabetes Insipidus - Answer 1) polydypsia
2) polyuria (anywhere from 2-20 L a day)
3) low specific gravity of urine (less than 1.005)
4) low urine osmolality (less than 100 milliosmoles per kg)
5) high serum osmolality (greater than 295 milliosmoles per kg)
6) hypernatremia (>145 mg/dL) --> irritability, mental dullness, coma
7) nocturia
8) generalized weakness
9) Fluid loss results in dehydration, hypotension, tachycardia, hypovolemic shock
Hyperthyroidism - Answer (see notes)
weight loss
diarrhea
depression
heat intolerance
Hypothyroidism - Answer (see notes)
Tiredness
, slow movements and thoughts.
muscle aches and weakness.
muscle cramps
Labs
- high cholesterol + triglycerides
- elevated creatinine kinase
- low RBCs
Hyperparathyroidism - Answer Most are asymptomatic; symptom associated w/
hypercalcemia (see table 49.15)
1) muscle weakness, fatigue; skeletal/bone/joint pain
2) nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss
3) constipation
4) emotional disorders (ex. psychosis, depression)
5) shortened attention span
6) osteoporosis and resulting fractures
7) kidney stones + gallstones
8) renal failure, UTI, hypercalciuria, polyuria
9) pancreatitis, PUD
10) cardiac changes
11) headache
11) HYPERtension
12) DEPRESSED reflexes
13) MOIST skin
Labs
- inc PTH, inc calcium (>10 mg/dL), dec phosphate (<3 mg/dL)
- inc urine calcium + uric acid
- inc creatinine, amylase (if pancreatitis present), and alkaline phosphatase (in presence of bone
disease)
