Test Bank for Criminology, 2024
t/f: Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality which he labels the
"lures of crime." - ANSWERSfalse
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school but decided
that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going to college. He thought
making money at that moment was more important than furthering his education. Now, Fred
realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours
and making so little money. Fred is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement
his income.
What is the term used to describe Fred if he were to move to a different community to commit his
burglaries? - ANSWERSincreased police patrols in the neighborhood
Which of the following circumstances would prompt an offender to decide to forgo crime? -
ANSWERSThe offender would stand a good chance of being caught and punished.
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies, hundreds of burglaries
and stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was fourteen when he was first arrested for stealing a
car. He is now forty-four years old and just got out of prison. He spent ten years in prison for an
armed robbery.
The judge explained to Trevor at his sentencing hearing ten years ago that if he is arrested and
convicted of another crime after he serves his ten years, he is likely to get a lifetime prison sentence
under strict sentencing guidelines. Trevor remembers the words of the judge when he is released
from prison. If the judge's words are what have convinced Trevor to remain crime free, what crime
control policy has successfully kept Trevor law abiding? - ANSWERSgeneral deterrence
t/f: If the punishment for a crime is increased and the effectiveness and efficiency of the criminal
justice system are improved, then the number of people engaging in that crime should decline. -
ANSWERStrue
That thieves select German cars indicates that auto theft is rational because - ANSWERSGerman cars
usually have high-quality audio equipment.
,t/f: Auto thieves are not selective in their choice of target since all cars can be stripped for their
valuable parts. - ANSWERSfalse
People who believe that they will be caught if they commit crime are the ones most likely to be
deterred from committing criminal acts. What element of deterrence does this reflect? -
ANSWERScertainty of punishment
t/f: The fact that a crime is offense-specific means that criminals must decide if they have the
personal needs, skills, and prerequisites to commit a successful criminal act. - ANSWERSfalse
t/f: The concept behind rational choice theory is that crime is a function of a decision-making
process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal act. -
ANSWERStrue
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school but decided
that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going to college. He thought
making money at that moment was more important than furthering his education. Now, Fred
realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours
and making so little money. Fred is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement
his income.
In order for people to best protect their personal property from people like Fred, they would need to
improve the effectiveness of crime _________________, which are people who serve as guardians of
property or people who can help control would-be criminals. - ANSWERSdiscouragers
According to Nobel Prize-winning economist Gary Becker, criminals engage in a(n) __________ of
crime. - ANSWERScost-benefit analysis
t/f: According to deterrence theory, not only does the actual chance of punishment influence
criminality, but so does the perception of punishment. - ANSWERStrue
t/f: Criminals structure crime. For instance, crack cocaine street dealers prefer the middle of a long
block as the best location for dealing. - ANSWERStrue
t/f: Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology. - ANSWERSfalse
, What occurs when crime control efforts simply move, or redirect, offenders to less heavily guarded
alternative targets. - ANSWERSdisplacement
t/f: Less than 1/3 of all convicted felons are rearrested within three years of their release from
prison. - ANSWERSfalse
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies, hundreds of burglaries
and stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was fourteen when he was first arrested for stealing a
car. He is now forty-four years old and just got out of prison. He spent ten years in prison for an
armed robbery.
In total, Trevor has spent over twenty years of his life incarcerated, between juvenile and adult
institutions. His family cannot understand why he continues to commit crime. They are concerned
that he will not be able to remain law-abiding. What does the research say about the effect of
incarceration and an offender's likeliness to repeat criminal behavior? - ANSWERSMost offenders are
rearrested within three years of their release from prison.
What happens when crime reduction programs produce a short-term positive effect, but benefits
dissipate as criminals adjust to new conditions? - ANSWERSextinction
t/f: Diffusion of benefits occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another. -
ANSWERStrue
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school but decided
that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going to college. He thought
making money at that moment was more important than furthering his education. Now, Fred
realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours
and making so little money. Fred is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement
his income.
All of the following would be considered offense-specific to burglary that Fred might consider
EXCEPT: - ANSWERSFred's immediate need for money
t/f Specific deterrence is also called particular deterrence. - ANSWERStrue
Trevor spent his ten year sentence in a maximum security prison. There he witnessed assaults and
even murders. Often times, he was in fear for his life. Reflecting back on the past ten years and what
t/f: Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality which he labels the
"lures of crime." - ANSWERSfalse
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school but decided
that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going to college. He thought
making money at that moment was more important than furthering his education. Now, Fred
realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours
and making so little money. Fred is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement
his income.
What is the term used to describe Fred if he were to move to a different community to commit his
burglaries? - ANSWERSincreased police patrols in the neighborhood
Which of the following circumstances would prompt an offender to decide to forgo crime? -
ANSWERSThe offender would stand a good chance of being caught and punished.
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies, hundreds of burglaries
and stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was fourteen when he was first arrested for stealing a
car. He is now forty-four years old and just got out of prison. He spent ten years in prison for an
armed robbery.
The judge explained to Trevor at his sentencing hearing ten years ago that if he is arrested and
convicted of another crime after he serves his ten years, he is likely to get a lifetime prison sentence
under strict sentencing guidelines. Trevor remembers the words of the judge when he is released
from prison. If the judge's words are what have convinced Trevor to remain crime free, what crime
control policy has successfully kept Trevor law abiding? - ANSWERSgeneral deterrence
t/f: If the punishment for a crime is increased and the effectiveness and efficiency of the criminal
justice system are improved, then the number of people engaging in that crime should decline. -
ANSWERStrue
That thieves select German cars indicates that auto theft is rational because - ANSWERSGerman cars
usually have high-quality audio equipment.
,t/f: Auto thieves are not selective in their choice of target since all cars can be stripped for their
valuable parts. - ANSWERSfalse
People who believe that they will be caught if they commit crime are the ones most likely to be
deterred from committing criminal acts. What element of deterrence does this reflect? -
ANSWERScertainty of punishment
t/f: The fact that a crime is offense-specific means that criminals must decide if they have the
personal needs, skills, and prerequisites to commit a successful criminal act. - ANSWERSfalse
t/f: The concept behind rational choice theory is that crime is a function of a decision-making
process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal act. -
ANSWERStrue
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school but decided
that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going to college. He thought
making money at that moment was more important than furthering his education. Now, Fred
realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours
and making so little money. Fred is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement
his income.
In order for people to best protect their personal property from people like Fred, they would need to
improve the effectiveness of crime _________________, which are people who serve as guardians of
property or people who can help control would-be criminals. - ANSWERSdiscouragers
According to Nobel Prize-winning economist Gary Becker, criminals engage in a(n) __________ of
crime. - ANSWERScost-benefit analysis
t/f: According to deterrence theory, not only does the actual chance of punishment influence
criminality, but so does the perception of punishment. - ANSWERStrue
t/f: Criminals structure crime. For instance, crack cocaine street dealers prefer the middle of a long
block as the best location for dealing. - ANSWERStrue
t/f: Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology. - ANSWERSfalse
, What occurs when crime control efforts simply move, or redirect, offenders to less heavily guarded
alternative targets. - ANSWERSdisplacement
t/f: Less than 1/3 of all convicted felons are rearrested within three years of their release from
prison. - ANSWERSfalse
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies, hundreds of burglaries
and stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was fourteen when he was first arrested for stealing a
car. He is now forty-four years old and just got out of prison. He spent ten years in prison for an
armed robbery.
In total, Trevor has spent over twenty years of his life incarcerated, between juvenile and adult
institutions. His family cannot understand why he continues to commit crime. They are concerned
that he will not be able to remain law-abiding. What does the research say about the effect of
incarceration and an offender's likeliness to repeat criminal behavior? - ANSWERSMost offenders are
rearrested within three years of their release from prison.
What happens when crime reduction programs produce a short-term positive effect, but benefits
dissipate as criminals adjust to new conditions? - ANSWERSextinction
t/f: Diffusion of benefits occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another. -
ANSWERStrue
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school but decided
that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going to college. He thought
making money at that moment was more important than furthering his education. Now, Fred
realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours
and making so little money. Fred is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement
his income.
All of the following would be considered offense-specific to burglary that Fred might consider
EXCEPT: - ANSWERSFred's immediate need for money
t/f Specific deterrence is also called particular deterrence. - ANSWERStrue
Trevor spent his ten year sentence in a maximum security prison. There he witnessed assaults and
even murders. Often times, he was in fear for his life. Reflecting back on the past ten years and what
