NR 291 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2 WITH ANSWERS

NR 291 Pharmacology I Study Guide Exam 2 Effects of the Peripheral Vascular System Cholinergic – Parasympathetic Nervous System (feed and breed; rest and digest) Adrenergic – Sympathetic Nervous System (fight or flight) Chapter 36: Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, and Expectorants Know and apply pharmacology treatment for the common cold Antihistamines (-dine) (-iramine) (-tadine) Decongestants Antitussives – only for nonproductive coughs Expectorants Chapter 37: Respiratory Drugs Know Evidence-Based Practice Guideline from GINA (stepwise plan) Know classifications and actions of respiratory drugs (Bronchodilators, etc…) Relievers Controllers Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) Xanthine derivatives Anti-IgE Long-acting anticholinergics Know and apply asthma action plan, definition of control, questions asked, peak meter flow Chapter 41: Antitubercular Drugs Common infection sites TB-Related Injections Know and apply concepts of bactericidal and bacteriostatic therapy Know and apply concepts of culture and sensitivity of TB sputum cultures Know patient and family education regarding spread of infection Know and apply concept of MDR-TB Know first-line drug therapy (RIPE) for TB, including length of treatment Chapter 18: Adrenergic Drugs Know multiple names of this classification of drugs (vasopressors, etc…) Vasoactive Adrenergics, Pressors, Inotropes, Cardioselective Sympathomimetics Know effects of sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight), both alpha and beta receptors Vasopressors (-ine) Chapter 19: Adrenergic-Blocking Drugs Know multiple names of this classification of drugs (adrenergic antagonists, etc…) Adrenergic Antagonists, Alpha blockers, Alpha/Beta blockers, Beta blockers, Sympatholytics Alpha blockers (-zosin): arterial and venous dilation, decreases resistance to urinary outflow Know and apply concept of first-dose phenomenon: severe and sudden drop in BP Examples: doxazosin, tamsulosin phentolamine: 1 Beta blockers (-olol) – block neurotrasmitters (norepinephrine and epinephrine) Know effects of selective (cardioselective) and non-selective Examples: atenolol, metoprolol Chapter 22: Antihypertensive Drugs Know multiple classifications of drugs (adrenergic, ACE-I, etc…) Adrenergic Drugs ACE-Inhibitors (ACE-I) (-pril): Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (-sartan):slows progression of left ventricular hypertrophy after MI and increases survival rate after MI Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) (amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil): Diuretics – Thiazide (hydrocholorothiazide): Vasodilators (sodium nitroprusside): Chapter 28: Diuretic Drugs Know multiple classifications of drugs: Know drugs effect on potassium, signs and symptoms of hypokalemia, diet considerations Loop (furosemide): Osmotic (mannitol): Potassium-sparing (spironolactone): Thiazide (hydrocholorothiazide): Thiazide-like (metolazone): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide) Chapter 23: Antianginal Drugs Know multiple classifications of drugs: Nitrates / nitrites (-nitro or -nitrate): Beta blockers (-olol): Calcium channel blockers (CCBs): Chapter 24: Heart Failure Drugs Know multiple classifications of drugs Know concepts of preload and afterload, link with each classification ACE-I (-pril) ARBs (-sartan) Diuretics Nitrates/vasodilators (nitrates, hydralazine): Beta-blockers (-olol): Positive inotropes