Neonatal Pharmacology & Medications
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Terms in this set (43)
the amount of blood that is cleared of the drug per
Clearance
unit time
The time needed for the total amount of a drug in
the body or blood to decrease to 50% of the
original concentration.
Half-life
Nearly 97% of drug would leave the body in 5 half
lives
Slope of the drug concentration on a logarithmic
Elimination rate constant
scale (y axis) in relation to time (x axis)
a constant FRACTION of drug is eliminated per unit
time
Depicted as a linear relationship between drug
concentrations in LOGARITHMIC SCALE (y axis)
First order kinetics over time (x axis)
Half-life: independent of dose
Most drugs are eliminated this way (examples
ampicillin, gentamicin)
, a constant AMOUNT of drug is eliminated per unit
of time
Depicted by linear relationship between drug
concentration in LINEAR SCALE (y axis) over time (x
Zero order kinetics
axis)
Half life - increases with higher dose
Examples: Ethanol, phenytoin
Describes whether the distribution and change in
Compartment model
the concentration of drug occurs in 1 or 2 phases
A drug is theoretically distributed instantaneously in
a homogenous manner throughout the whole
compartment followed by elimination of the drug
with a single elimination rate constant (a single
1 compartment model sloping line)
Examples: Drugs that do not distribute significantly
into the extravascular tissues, such as
aminoglycosides
2 compartment model Shows two phases (different rates) of elimination
Nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic
Amphotericin B side
Hypokalemia
effects
Hypomagnesemia
Hyponatremia
time-dependent
Mechanism of killing for
ampicillin (and other beta
requires more frequent dosing to improve
lactams)
bactericidal efficacy
Concentration-dependent
Mechanism of killing for
gentamicin requires higher drug doses to improve bactericidal
efficacy
Save
Terms in this set (43)
the amount of blood that is cleared of the drug per
Clearance
unit time
The time needed for the total amount of a drug in
the body or blood to decrease to 50% of the
original concentration.
Half-life
Nearly 97% of drug would leave the body in 5 half
lives
Slope of the drug concentration on a logarithmic
Elimination rate constant
scale (y axis) in relation to time (x axis)
a constant FRACTION of drug is eliminated per unit
time
Depicted as a linear relationship between drug
concentrations in LOGARITHMIC SCALE (y axis)
First order kinetics over time (x axis)
Half-life: independent of dose
Most drugs are eliminated this way (examples
ampicillin, gentamicin)
, a constant AMOUNT of drug is eliminated per unit
of time
Depicted by linear relationship between drug
concentration in LINEAR SCALE (y axis) over time (x
Zero order kinetics
axis)
Half life - increases with higher dose
Examples: Ethanol, phenytoin
Describes whether the distribution and change in
Compartment model
the concentration of drug occurs in 1 or 2 phases
A drug is theoretically distributed instantaneously in
a homogenous manner throughout the whole
compartment followed by elimination of the drug
with a single elimination rate constant (a single
1 compartment model sloping line)
Examples: Drugs that do not distribute significantly
into the extravascular tissues, such as
aminoglycosides
2 compartment model Shows two phases (different rates) of elimination
Nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic
Amphotericin B side
Hypokalemia
effects
Hypomagnesemia
Hyponatremia
time-dependent
Mechanism of killing for
ampicillin (and other beta
requires more frequent dosing to improve
lactams)
bactericidal efficacy
Concentration-dependent
Mechanism of killing for
gentamicin requires higher drug doses to improve bactericidal
efficacy
