exam 2025 -2026 \latest update \complete
questions and correct detailed answers
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Muscle contraction - answers1. contract when
a nerve impulse is sent to a skeletal muscle.
2. The neuron sending the impulse releases a
neurotransmitter onto the cell muscle
3. the muscle depolarizes.
4. depolarization causes the sarcoplasmic
reticulum to release calcium ions.
5. calcium ions cause the actin and myosin
filaments to slide past each other.
6. sliding causes muscle contraction. ATP is the
energy needed.
,neuron - answerssmallest functional unit of the
nervous system. excitable cells that conduct
and transmit electrical impulses and convey
information. take and send impulses that
trigger response. has a cell body (soma)
dendrites, an axon
sensory (afferent) neurons. - answersreceive
impulses from env. and bring them to the body.
EX: Hand touching something hot.
motor (efferent) neurons - answerstransmit
impulse to muscle or gland to produce a
response that makes the contract muscle or
secrete hormone.
interneurons (association) - answerslinks
between sensory and motor neurons. found in
brain or spinal cord.
,polarized - answersresting neurons. they are
more negative on the inside than on the
outside
action potential - answersneuron transmits an
impulse down its axon and the voltage gates
sodium channels open allowing sodium ions to
rush in. neuron becomes more postive on the
inside and negative on the outside. sodium
channels close and potassium channels open
and restoring the neurosn negative charge.
myelin - answersfatty insulator that increases
speed where an impusle can travel down axon.
schwann cells - answerswrapped around axon.
the wrapping is a myselin sheath.
, ranvier - answersspaces between schwann cells
habe no myselin.
Central nervous sytem - answersbrain and
spinal cord with cranial nerves. control center
of the entire cycem.
brain - answersmade up of cerebrum
cerebellum midbrain hypothalamus medulla
and pones. protected and covered by pia mater
dura mater and dura and meninges that extend
to encase the spinal cord
cerebrum - answersleft and right hemisphere
divided by the corpus colosseum. outer grey
and white matter. grey makes up the outer and
white makes up the innter.area of conscious