PUBHLTH 200 FINAL EXAM | 158 QUESTIONS | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
reasons for practicing unhealthy behavior Answer - lack of knowledge,
addiction, community norms (ALSO fun/rewarding)
Socioecological Model levels Answer - intrapersonal, interpersonal,
institutional/organizational, community, societal/policy
what does the socioecological model describe Answer - Individuals are
embedded in larger social systems so health outcomes are influenced by the
characteristics of environments
intrapersonal level Answer - biology, beliefs/attitudes
interpersonal level Answer - role modeling, peer pressure, family/friends
institutional level Answer - schools, workplaces, social/religious groups
community level Answer - neighborhood, community norms
societal/policy level Answer - laws, zoning, media, enforcement of laws
,Most significant health behavior risks Answer - poor diet, lack of exercise,
smoking
smoking stats Answer - 15% of preventable deaths, 10 years decresed life
expectancy, 3bil total cost
benefits of physical activity Answer - mental health, CV (less CA disease, BP),
and musculoskeletal (osteoporosis, falls, disability)
health impact of alcohol Answer - U-shaped impact on heart disease, but
causes both chronic and acute deaths
prohibition? Answer - health benefits from drinking, but also social
consequences like rise in organized crime and disrespect of law
reduction in MV injuries: a ph success Answer - roadway improvements,
vehicle safety improvements, and campaigns against drunk driving
firearm deaths: a ph failure Answer - no change in behaviors and divisive
political issue despite clear public health implications
the government has taken two approaches to promoting health behavior
Answer - education (SG report led to smoking decrease) and regulation
health belief model Answer - specifies several factors that determine whether
an individual is likely to change their behavior when faced with a health threat
, health belief model factors Answer - the extent to which the individual feels
vulnerable to the threat, the perceived severity of the threat, the perceived
barriers to taking action to reduce the risk, the perceived effectiveness of
taking an action to prevent or minimize the problem
self-efficacy Answer - People are more likely to adopt healthy behavior if they
are confident that they have the ability to do so
transtheoretical model Answer - Envisions change of behavior as a process
involving progress through a series of five stages
five stages of the transtheoretical model Answer - precontemplation,
contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
how can we fix poor behaviors? Answer - laws and policies (taxes), incentives
(monetary), education (about choices)
screenings for weight Answer - all children and adults are screened, clinicians
are told to refer patients with obesity to intensive interventions
complicated relationship between weight and health Answer - both weight
cycling and weight stigma are linked with adverse metabolic outcomes and
greater mortality rates
What makes dietary recommendations hard to make? Answer - dietary intake
is hard to measure, and subject to recall bias
attempts to promote healthy eating Answer - pubhlth officials have focused on
attempting to promote a social environment favoring healthy eating, in a
similar way to anti-smoking campaigns
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
reasons for practicing unhealthy behavior Answer - lack of knowledge,
addiction, community norms (ALSO fun/rewarding)
Socioecological Model levels Answer - intrapersonal, interpersonal,
institutional/organizational, community, societal/policy
what does the socioecological model describe Answer - Individuals are
embedded in larger social systems so health outcomes are influenced by the
characteristics of environments
intrapersonal level Answer - biology, beliefs/attitudes
interpersonal level Answer - role modeling, peer pressure, family/friends
institutional level Answer - schools, workplaces, social/religious groups
community level Answer - neighborhood, community norms
societal/policy level Answer - laws, zoning, media, enforcement of laws
,Most significant health behavior risks Answer - poor diet, lack of exercise,
smoking
smoking stats Answer - 15% of preventable deaths, 10 years decresed life
expectancy, 3bil total cost
benefits of physical activity Answer - mental health, CV (less CA disease, BP),
and musculoskeletal (osteoporosis, falls, disability)
health impact of alcohol Answer - U-shaped impact on heart disease, but
causes both chronic and acute deaths
prohibition? Answer - health benefits from drinking, but also social
consequences like rise in organized crime and disrespect of law
reduction in MV injuries: a ph success Answer - roadway improvements,
vehicle safety improvements, and campaigns against drunk driving
firearm deaths: a ph failure Answer - no change in behaviors and divisive
political issue despite clear public health implications
the government has taken two approaches to promoting health behavior
Answer - education (SG report led to smoking decrease) and regulation
health belief model Answer - specifies several factors that determine whether
an individual is likely to change their behavior when faced with a health threat
, health belief model factors Answer - the extent to which the individual feels
vulnerable to the threat, the perceived severity of the threat, the perceived
barriers to taking action to reduce the risk, the perceived effectiveness of
taking an action to prevent or minimize the problem
self-efficacy Answer - People are more likely to adopt healthy behavior if they
are confident that they have the ability to do so
transtheoretical model Answer - Envisions change of behavior as a process
involving progress through a series of five stages
five stages of the transtheoretical model Answer - precontemplation,
contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
how can we fix poor behaviors? Answer - laws and policies (taxes), incentives
(monetary), education (about choices)
screenings for weight Answer - all children and adults are screened, clinicians
are told to refer patients with obesity to intensive interventions
complicated relationship between weight and health Answer - both weight
cycling and weight stigma are linked with adverse metabolic outcomes and
greater mortality rates
What makes dietary recommendations hard to make? Answer - dietary intake
is hard to measure, and subject to recall bias
attempts to promote healthy eating Answer - pubhlth officials have focused on
attempting to promote a social environment favoring healthy eating, in a
similar way to anti-smoking campaigns
