PUBHLTH 200 FINAL EXAM (ACTUAL) 265 QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Nine essential public health services Answer - 1. Monitor population health
status to identify and solve community health problems
2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the
community
3. Inform and educate people about health issues
4. Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health
problems
5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health
efforts
6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
7. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of
health care when otherwise unavailable
8. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-
based health services
9. Conduct research for new insights and innovative solutions to health
problems
Six building blocks of a health system Answer - 1. WHO looks at health care
systems across the world
2. Delivery of services
3. Health workforce to deliver those services
4. Information has to be collected
,5. Medical products, vaccines, and technologies
6. Financing
Public policy Answer - Often intervenes when there are market failures or
market inefficiencies. Addresses access to care, financing of health care, and
quality of care
5 A's of (health care) access Answer - Affordability, accessibility, availability,
accommodation, and acceptability
Affordability Answer - Prices of services meet client's income and ability to pay.
If you can't afford a service, you don't really have access to it
Accessibility Answer - Location of supply aligns with location of clients or
demand
Availability Answer - Size or volume of the supply meets the client's needs.
Volume and type of services vs. resources to client's volume and type of needs.
Is it available when you need it?
Accommodation Answer - Delivery of healthcare accommodates client's
needs. Cultural and language barriers. People think about health and their
bodies and illnesses in different ways
Acceptability Answer - Healthcare providers accept all clients regardless of
their characteristics such as age, sex, social class, ethnicity, and type of
insurance
,Eligibility for Medicare Answer - People 65 and older, people of any age who
have kidney failure or long term kidney disease, people who are currently
disabled and cannot work
Eligibility for Medicaid Answer - Low income, pregnant women, children under
19, people who are 65+, people who are blind, people who are disabled,
people who need nursing home care
Dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid Answer - Low income people who
are disabled and cannot work, low income and 65+
Medicare Answer - 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act of 1935. Social
insurance for the elderly and disabled. Nationwide eligibility and benefits. A
defined benefit plan with no limit to annual spending. Covers 55 million
people. Age 65+, and under 65 if disabled by end stage renal disease (kidney
failure) and ALS
Medicaid Answer - Covers ~50% of births. Medicaid expanded under Reagan
administration to assist near-poor women in gaining financial access to
prenatal care, labor/delivery, and post-natal care based on previous infant
mortality, low birth weight, and negative birth outcomes. Third largest
domestic program in the federal budget (9% and Medicare 14% so together
23% which is a fourth of the federal budget)
Six dimensions of quality of care Answer - Effective, efficient, safe, timely,
patient-centered, and equitable
Effective Answer - Providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who
could benefit and refraining from providing services to those not likely to
benefit (avoiding underuse and misuse, respectively)
, Efficient Answer - Avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies,
ideas, and energy
Safe Answer - Avoiding harm to patients from the care that is intended to help
them
Timely Answer - Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those
who receive and those who give care
Patient-centered Answer - Providing care that is respectful of and responsive
to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient
values guide all clinical decisions
Equitable Answer - Providing care that does not vary in quality because of
personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and
socioeconomic status
Health care disparity vs health status disparity Answer - Health status
disparity: a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experienced
by one population group relative to another. Health care disparity: differences
between groups in health insurance coverage, access to and use of care, and
quality of care
Social determinants of health Answer - Economic stability, neighborhood and
physical environment, education, food, community and social context, health
care system, and health outcomes
Affordable Care Act Answer - Passed in 2010, is a historic legislation that ranks
with SS, Medicare, and the Civil Rights Act in creating social change. Makes
significant reforms to health insurance industry and healthcare system, but
leaves the overall structure in place. Consists of 10 titles, each dedicated to
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Nine essential public health services Answer - 1. Monitor population health
status to identify and solve community health problems
2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the
community
3. Inform and educate people about health issues
4. Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health
problems
5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health
efforts
6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
7. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of
health care when otherwise unavailable
8. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-
based health services
9. Conduct research for new insights and innovative solutions to health
problems
Six building blocks of a health system Answer - 1. WHO looks at health care
systems across the world
2. Delivery of services
3. Health workforce to deliver those services
4. Information has to be collected
,5. Medical products, vaccines, and technologies
6. Financing
Public policy Answer - Often intervenes when there are market failures or
market inefficiencies. Addresses access to care, financing of health care, and
quality of care
5 A's of (health care) access Answer - Affordability, accessibility, availability,
accommodation, and acceptability
Affordability Answer - Prices of services meet client's income and ability to pay.
If you can't afford a service, you don't really have access to it
Accessibility Answer - Location of supply aligns with location of clients or
demand
Availability Answer - Size or volume of the supply meets the client's needs.
Volume and type of services vs. resources to client's volume and type of needs.
Is it available when you need it?
Accommodation Answer - Delivery of healthcare accommodates client's
needs. Cultural and language barriers. People think about health and their
bodies and illnesses in different ways
Acceptability Answer - Healthcare providers accept all clients regardless of
their characteristics such as age, sex, social class, ethnicity, and type of
insurance
,Eligibility for Medicare Answer - People 65 and older, people of any age who
have kidney failure or long term kidney disease, people who are currently
disabled and cannot work
Eligibility for Medicaid Answer - Low income, pregnant women, children under
19, people who are 65+, people who are blind, people who are disabled,
people who need nursing home care
Dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid Answer - Low income people who
are disabled and cannot work, low income and 65+
Medicare Answer - 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act of 1935. Social
insurance for the elderly and disabled. Nationwide eligibility and benefits. A
defined benefit plan with no limit to annual spending. Covers 55 million
people. Age 65+, and under 65 if disabled by end stage renal disease (kidney
failure) and ALS
Medicaid Answer - Covers ~50% of births. Medicaid expanded under Reagan
administration to assist near-poor women in gaining financial access to
prenatal care, labor/delivery, and post-natal care based on previous infant
mortality, low birth weight, and negative birth outcomes. Third largest
domestic program in the federal budget (9% and Medicare 14% so together
23% which is a fourth of the federal budget)
Six dimensions of quality of care Answer - Effective, efficient, safe, timely,
patient-centered, and equitable
Effective Answer - Providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who
could benefit and refraining from providing services to those not likely to
benefit (avoiding underuse and misuse, respectively)
, Efficient Answer - Avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies,
ideas, and energy
Safe Answer - Avoiding harm to patients from the care that is intended to help
them
Timely Answer - Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those
who receive and those who give care
Patient-centered Answer - Providing care that is respectful of and responsive
to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient
values guide all clinical decisions
Equitable Answer - Providing care that does not vary in quality because of
personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and
socioeconomic status
Health care disparity vs health status disparity Answer - Health status
disparity: a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experienced
by one population group relative to another. Health care disparity: differences
between groups in health insurance coverage, access to and use of care, and
quality of care
Social determinants of health Answer - Economic stability, neighborhood and
physical environment, education, food, community and social context, health
care system, and health outcomes
Affordable Care Act Answer - Passed in 2010, is a historic legislation that ranks
with SS, Medicare, and the Civil Rights Act in creating social change. Makes
significant reforms to health insurance industry and healthcare system, but
leaves the overall structure in place. Consists of 10 titles, each dedicated to
