VEN 125 EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Metameric match - ANS objects with different spectral distributions look alike under one
light source but different under another
Mesopic vision - ANS occurs at dawn or dusk and involves both rods and cones
5 tastes - ANS sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
Supertasters - ANS have more papillae on the tongue, more taste buds, and more trigeminal
nerve endings
more sensitive to PTC & PROP, bitter, sweet, and salty
30 papillae sq cm vs 5
Type I Error - ANS Alpha
Falsely reject Ho (false positive)
Type II Error - ANS Beta
Falsely accept Ho (false negative)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
,Paired directional - ANS Picking which sample is ____ (saltier, sweeter, etc.)
p=.5 (one-tailed)
2 serving orders
Triangle - ANS Picking the odd sample.
p=0.33 (one-tailed)
6 serving orders
Duo-Trio - ANS Pick which is the same to a reference.
p= 0.5 (one-tailed)
Single reference = 2 serving orders
2 out of 5 test - ANS 3 cleaned and 2 spiked
P= 0.1
very fatiguing with wine
p = Probability that results could have occurred by chance alone
1‐p = Probability that a real difference was perceptible
paired preference test - ANS which do you prefer? (consumer test)
p=0.5 (2-tailed test)
Rossler tables
Types of sensory evaluation - ANS Analytical sensory evaluation-Interested in the WINE and
its attributes
Consumer sensory evaluation-Interested in CONSUMERS reactions to the wine
Power - ANS 1-beta
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
, Probability of finding a difference (if one exists)- Depends on alpha, # of judgements, size of the
difference between the samples, directionality
(one tailed has more power)
Z-test - ANS Z=(X-np)-0.5/sqrt(npq)
n= # responses
p = probability of guessing right
q = 1-p
Duo‐trio test for new blend versus old - ANS Results: p=0.059
use the new blend since the pair test did not reject the null but H2S IS detected by some
percentage of your consumers
Make the decision "CONSERVATIVELY"
Use more people (increase power)
Use higher Type I error level (e.g., decrease b, increase power)
Increase alpha level from p<0.05 to p<0.10
Duo‐trio test for aroma difference with more expensive and finicky yeast - ANS Results:
p=0.022
The difference is barely detectable (since 14/20 would have failed to reject the null), and the
difference in cost is LARGERecommend against itIf it is going to COST YOU MONEY to make a
change, be SURE that there really IS a difference
Use smaller values of alpha: p<0.01 or p<0.001
Minimize risk of there being truly NO REAL difference in statistical terms: Minimize Type I error
(a)
Avoiding statistical mistakes - ANS minimize Type II error (b) also known as maximizing
Power (1 - b)
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Metameric match - ANS objects with different spectral distributions look alike under one
light source but different under another
Mesopic vision - ANS occurs at dawn or dusk and involves both rods and cones
5 tastes - ANS sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
Supertasters - ANS have more papillae on the tongue, more taste buds, and more trigeminal
nerve endings
more sensitive to PTC & PROP, bitter, sweet, and salty
30 papillae sq cm vs 5
Type I Error - ANS Alpha
Falsely reject Ho (false positive)
Type II Error - ANS Beta
Falsely accept Ho (false negative)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
,Paired directional - ANS Picking which sample is ____ (saltier, sweeter, etc.)
p=.5 (one-tailed)
2 serving orders
Triangle - ANS Picking the odd sample.
p=0.33 (one-tailed)
6 serving orders
Duo-Trio - ANS Pick which is the same to a reference.
p= 0.5 (one-tailed)
Single reference = 2 serving orders
2 out of 5 test - ANS 3 cleaned and 2 spiked
P= 0.1
very fatiguing with wine
p = Probability that results could have occurred by chance alone
1‐p = Probability that a real difference was perceptible
paired preference test - ANS which do you prefer? (consumer test)
p=0.5 (2-tailed test)
Rossler tables
Types of sensory evaluation - ANS Analytical sensory evaluation-Interested in the WINE and
its attributes
Consumer sensory evaluation-Interested in CONSUMERS reactions to the wine
Power - ANS 1-beta
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
, Probability of finding a difference (if one exists)- Depends on alpha, # of judgements, size of the
difference between the samples, directionality
(one tailed has more power)
Z-test - ANS Z=(X-np)-0.5/sqrt(npq)
n= # responses
p = probability of guessing right
q = 1-p
Duo‐trio test for new blend versus old - ANS Results: p=0.059
use the new blend since the pair test did not reject the null but H2S IS detected by some
percentage of your consumers
Make the decision "CONSERVATIVELY"
Use more people (increase power)
Use higher Type I error level (e.g., decrease b, increase power)
Increase alpha level from p<0.05 to p<0.10
Duo‐trio test for aroma difference with more expensive and finicky yeast - ANS Results:
p=0.022
The difference is barely detectable (since 14/20 would have failed to reject the null), and the
difference in cost is LARGERecommend against itIf it is going to COST YOU MONEY to make a
change, be SURE that there really IS a difference
Use smaller values of alpha: p<0.01 or p<0.001
Minimize risk of there being truly NO REAL difference in statistical terms: Minimize Type I error
(a)
Avoiding statistical mistakes - ANS minimize Type II error (b) also known as maximizing
Power (1 - b)
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
