@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM (260 QUESTIONS
WITH 100% EXACT ANSWERS)
2025 LATEST UPDATED AND
GRADED A+
Albuterol - Exact answer Class: Short acting B2 agonist with minor B1
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
chronic), and COPD
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
JN
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
Comments: Safe for children and pregnancy; may combine with
ipratropium; least expensive
U
Terbutaline - Exact answer Class: Short acting B2 agonist with minor B1
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
chronic), and COPD
R
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
SE
X: Pregnancy category B or C
Salmeterol - Exact answer Class: Long acting B2 agonist, more selective
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
chronic), and COPD
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
Comments: Do not use alone for persistent asthma, combine with an
inhaled corticosteroid; don't wash it, powder can get clogged
What are some things you can educate your patients on regarding beta
agonist inhalers? - Exact answer 1. Demonstrate and have patient do
return demonstration
2. Check correct inhaler use if patient says it's not working
3. Encourage use of spacer
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
Fluticasone - Exact answer Class: Inhaled corticosteroid
Used for: 1st line treatment for persistent asthma
MOA: Anti-inflammatory, minimal systemic exposure
Budesonide - Exact answer Class: Inhaled corticosteroid
Used for: 1st line treatment for persistent asthma
MOA: Anti-inflammatory, minimal systemic exposure
Zafirlukast - Exact answer Class: Leukotriene modifier/antagonist
Used for: 2nd line to decrease bronchoconstriction, edema
MOA: Works similar to prostaglandins in r/t to inflammation, blocks
lipoxygenase
Theophylline - Exact answer Class: Xanthine; stimulant
Used for: Asthma
JN
MOA: Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
ADR: cardiovascular effects, increased gastric acid production, CNS effects
(irritability, restlessness, seizures, insomnia), GI effects (reflux, worsens
heartburn), cardiac effects (palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, life-
U
threatening arrhythmias)
X: GERD, HTN, ischemic heart dx, coronary insufficiency, CHF, history of
stroke, cardiac arrhythmias; smoking increases clearance
R
Comments: Stay away from charcoal-broiled foods (accelerates the hepatic
metabolism), avoid large amounts of caffeine containing beverages;
SE
elimination is influenced by diet
What are the signs of Theophylline toxicity? - Exact answer Vomiting,
insomnia, jitteriness, HA, severe GI pain, irregular heartbeat
Ipratropium Bromide - Exact answer Class: Inhaled anticholinergic
Used for: NOT 1st line, supplemental use in acute bronchospasm
MOA: Blocks the muscarinic cholinergic receptors, causes bronchial
smooth muscle relaxation; uses alternate pathway, effects additive with
beta receptors
What is asthma? - Exact answer Chronic inflammatory disorder of the
airways, recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness and chest
tightness, airflow obstruction is reversible - recommendations by Expert
Panel III is to take an aggressive approach to gain quick control
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
What would you treat mild intermittent asthma with? - Exact answer Step 1
therapy:
1. Use short acting B2 agonists PRN for symptoms - patients may have
symptoms when exposed to triggers (URI, allergens, chemical inhalents,
exercise)
2. Educate on annual flu shot
What would you treat mild persistent asthma with? - Exact answer Step 2
therapy:
1. Long-term/low dose inhaled corticosteroids such as Fluticasone or
Budesonide
2. Use short acting B2 agonist PRN, if using more than 2 days/week, then
step up therapy
What would you treat moderate persistent asthma with? - Exact answer
JN
Step 3 therapy:
1. Treat with medium dose inhaled corticosteroids (Fluticasone or
Budesonide) OR
1. Low dose inhaled steroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) plus long acting
U
B2 agonist (Advair or Salmeterol) OR
1. Medium dose inhaled steroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) plus
leukotriene receptor antagonist (Zafirlukast)
R
2. May use short acting B2 agonists (Albuterol or Terbutaline)
SE
What would you treat severe persistent asthma with? - Exact answer Step
4 therapy:
1. Medium dose inhaled corticosteroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) AND
long-acting B2 agonist (Salmeterol) OR
1. Medium dose inhaled corticosteroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) AND a
leukotriene modifier (Zafirlukast) OR Theophylline
Step 5 therapy:
1. High dose inhaled corticosteroid AND long acting B2 agonist
Step 6 therapy:
1. High dose inhaled corticosteroid AND long acting B2 agonist AND oral
corticosteroid
**Severe persistent asthma requires consultation with asthma specialist
, @PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
What drugs would you consider for pregnant patients who have asthma? -
Exact answer Inhaled beta agonists are acute drug of choice; inhaled
corticosteroids are the long term drug of choice
When would you refer a child with asthma to a specialist? - Exact answer
At step 3 therapy
When would you consider using a long acting B2 agonists as
monotherapy? - Exact answer If your patient has COPD
Systematic antibiotics are required for ____? - Exact answer Moderate to
severe impetigo, boils, abscesses, perianal strep, cellulitis, MRSA
suspected skin infections
Mupirocin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
JN
Used for: Mild impetigo, nasal MRSA carriers
Comments: Generic Mupirocin is less expensive
Bacitracin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
U
Used for: Mild impetigo
Comments: Can be combined to make double or triple ATB
R
Retapamulin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo or nasal MRSA carriers
SE
Comments: Cannot be given intranasal or will destroy sense of smell
Polymixin B - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo
Comments: A double and triple ATB
Neomycin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo
Comments: May cause sensitivity in triple ATB
Cephalexin - Exact answer Class: Oral ATB
Used for: Severe impetigo >5 lesions, or if no improvement in 2-3 days,
furuncles, 2nd line for UTI, therapeutic failure of AOM
MOA: Inhibits CELL WALL
ADR: Diarrhea; don't take if allergic to PCNs
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM (260 QUESTIONS
WITH 100% EXACT ANSWERS)
2025 LATEST UPDATED AND
GRADED A+
Albuterol - Exact answer Class: Short acting B2 agonist with minor B1
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
chronic), and COPD
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
JN
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
Comments: Safe for children and pregnancy; may combine with
ipratropium; least expensive
U
Terbutaline - Exact answer Class: Short acting B2 agonist with minor B1
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
chronic), and COPD
R
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
SE
X: Pregnancy category B or C
Salmeterol - Exact answer Class: Long acting B2 agonist, more selective
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
chronic), and COPD
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
Comments: Do not use alone for persistent asthma, combine with an
inhaled corticosteroid; don't wash it, powder can get clogged
What are some things you can educate your patients on regarding beta
agonist inhalers? - Exact answer 1. Demonstrate and have patient do
return demonstration
2. Check correct inhaler use if patient says it's not working
3. Encourage use of spacer
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
Fluticasone - Exact answer Class: Inhaled corticosteroid
Used for: 1st line treatment for persistent asthma
MOA: Anti-inflammatory, minimal systemic exposure
Budesonide - Exact answer Class: Inhaled corticosteroid
Used for: 1st line treatment for persistent asthma
MOA: Anti-inflammatory, minimal systemic exposure
Zafirlukast - Exact answer Class: Leukotriene modifier/antagonist
Used for: 2nd line to decrease bronchoconstriction, edema
MOA: Works similar to prostaglandins in r/t to inflammation, blocks
lipoxygenase
Theophylline - Exact answer Class: Xanthine; stimulant
Used for: Asthma
JN
MOA: Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
ADR: cardiovascular effects, increased gastric acid production, CNS effects
(irritability, restlessness, seizures, insomnia), GI effects (reflux, worsens
heartburn), cardiac effects (palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, life-
U
threatening arrhythmias)
X: GERD, HTN, ischemic heart dx, coronary insufficiency, CHF, history of
stroke, cardiac arrhythmias; smoking increases clearance
R
Comments: Stay away from charcoal-broiled foods (accelerates the hepatic
metabolism), avoid large amounts of caffeine containing beverages;
SE
elimination is influenced by diet
What are the signs of Theophylline toxicity? - Exact answer Vomiting,
insomnia, jitteriness, HA, severe GI pain, irregular heartbeat
Ipratropium Bromide - Exact answer Class: Inhaled anticholinergic
Used for: NOT 1st line, supplemental use in acute bronchospasm
MOA: Blocks the muscarinic cholinergic receptors, causes bronchial
smooth muscle relaxation; uses alternate pathway, effects additive with
beta receptors
What is asthma? - Exact answer Chronic inflammatory disorder of the
airways, recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness and chest
tightness, airflow obstruction is reversible - recommendations by Expert
Panel III is to take an aggressive approach to gain quick control
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
What would you treat mild intermittent asthma with? - Exact answer Step 1
therapy:
1. Use short acting B2 agonists PRN for symptoms - patients may have
symptoms when exposed to triggers (URI, allergens, chemical inhalents,
exercise)
2. Educate on annual flu shot
What would you treat mild persistent asthma with? - Exact answer Step 2
therapy:
1. Long-term/low dose inhaled corticosteroids such as Fluticasone or
Budesonide
2. Use short acting B2 agonist PRN, if using more than 2 days/week, then
step up therapy
What would you treat moderate persistent asthma with? - Exact answer
JN
Step 3 therapy:
1. Treat with medium dose inhaled corticosteroids (Fluticasone or
Budesonide) OR
1. Low dose inhaled steroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) plus long acting
U
B2 agonist (Advair or Salmeterol) OR
1. Medium dose inhaled steroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) plus
leukotriene receptor antagonist (Zafirlukast)
R
2. May use short acting B2 agonists (Albuterol or Terbutaline)
SE
What would you treat severe persistent asthma with? - Exact answer Step
4 therapy:
1. Medium dose inhaled corticosteroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) AND
long-acting B2 agonist (Salmeterol) OR
1. Medium dose inhaled corticosteroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) AND a
leukotriene modifier (Zafirlukast) OR Theophylline
Step 5 therapy:
1. High dose inhaled corticosteroid AND long acting B2 agonist
Step 6 therapy:
1. High dose inhaled corticosteroid AND long acting B2 agonist AND oral
corticosteroid
**Severe persistent asthma requires consultation with asthma specialist
, @PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
What drugs would you consider for pregnant patients who have asthma? -
Exact answer Inhaled beta agonists are acute drug of choice; inhaled
corticosteroids are the long term drug of choice
When would you refer a child with asthma to a specialist? - Exact answer
At step 3 therapy
When would you consider using a long acting B2 agonists as
monotherapy? - Exact answer If your patient has COPD
Systematic antibiotics are required for ____? - Exact answer Moderate to
severe impetigo, boils, abscesses, perianal strep, cellulitis, MRSA
suspected skin infections
Mupirocin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
JN
Used for: Mild impetigo, nasal MRSA carriers
Comments: Generic Mupirocin is less expensive
Bacitracin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
U
Used for: Mild impetigo
Comments: Can be combined to make double or triple ATB
R
Retapamulin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo or nasal MRSA carriers
SE
Comments: Cannot be given intranasal or will destroy sense of smell
Polymixin B - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo
Comments: A double and triple ATB
Neomycin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo
Comments: May cause sensitivity in triple ATB
Cephalexin - Exact answer Class: Oral ATB
Used for: Severe impetigo >5 lesions, or if no improvement in 2-3 days,
furuncles, 2nd line for UTI, therapeutic failure of AOM
MOA: Inhibits CELL WALL
ADR: Diarrhea; don't take if allergic to PCNs
