Clinical Chemistry Exam II ||Latest
Exam With Questions And
Answers||100% Guaranteed Pass
urine formation -CORRECT ANSWERultrafiltrate of plasma
Urine composition -CORRECT ANSWER95% water, 5% solutes
major organic solute in urine -CORRECT ANSWERurea - 1/2 of solutes in urine
Inorganic solutes in urine -CORRECT ANSWERchloride, sodium, potassium
two things that identify fluid as urine -CORRECT ANSWERurea and creatinine
urine volume -CORRECT ANSWERaverage daily output is 1200-2000 mL
urine volume is influenced by -CORRECT ANSWERstate of hydration, fluid intake,
nonrenal fluid loss, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) variations, excretion of large amounts of
dissolved solids (e.g. glucose)
oliguria -CORRECT ANSWERa decrease in urine output
causes: v/d, sweating, severe burns
anuria -CORRECT ANSWERcessation of urine flow
causes: kidney damage, decreased renal blood flow
nocturia -CORRECT ANSWERincreased urination at night
2-3x more
polyuria -CORRECT ANSWERexcessive urination
diabetes mellitus -CORRECT ANSWERincreased urine volume caused by need to
excrete excess glucose not reabsorbed by the ultrafiltrate
polydipsia
urine appears dilute with high SG
diabetes insipidus -CORRECT ANSWERincreased urine caused by decreased
production/function of ADH causing a decrease in reabsorption of water from ultrafiltrate
,polydipsia
urine is dilute with low SG
urine collection -CORRECT ANSWERclean leak proof containers that can hold up to 50
mL
do not label lid, needs to be on cup
urine rejection -CORRECT ANSWERunlabeled specimens
unmatching labels/reqs
contaminated with feces/tp
QNS
outside of container contaminated
improperly transported
preserve urine integrity by -CORRECT ANSWERtesting within 2 hours
refrigerate or chemical preserve
most urine contamination caused by -CORRECT ANSWERbacterial multiplication
increased bacteria in urine causes -CORRECT ANSWERincreased color, turbidity, pH,
nitrite, odor
decreased glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, RBCs, WBCs, casts
chemical preservation of urine -CORRECT ANSWERbactericidal which inhibits urease
and preserves formed elements
e.g. boric acid prevents bacterial growth but effects chemical testing
random urine specimen -CORRECT ANSWERmost common
for routine screening
can be collected at any time but dietary/physical activity may effect results
first morning urine -CORRECT ANSWERmost ideal because patient is in a basal state
more concentrated than random urine
orthostatic protein and urine preg
fasting urine -CORRECT ANSWERsecond specimen voided, collected after first
morning specimen
does not contain metabolites from dinner the night before
recc for glucose monitoring
24 hour collection urine -CORRECT ANSWERdiurnal variation solutes such as
catecholamines, electrolytes
, more accurate quantitative results
determine concentration of substance for a particular time from urine volume produced
during that time
after 24 hour urine is dropped off at lab -CORRECT ANSWERall containers must be
thoroughly mixed and volume recorded
2 hour PP -CORRECT ANSWERpatients voids before eating routine meal, eats, then
collects next specimen after 2 hours
used to monitor insulin therapy
catheterized specimens -CORRECT ANSWERsterile specimen collected from bladder
with hollow tube
most commonly used for bacteria culture
straight cath vs. indwelling cath -CORRECT ANSWERstraight - no bag attached, does
not stay in, no long term use, quick drainage
indwelling - foley ; small ballon inflated inside bladder to hold it in place, urine bag, long
term
mid stream -CORRECT ANSWERless contaminated than random urine
provide patient with cleansing material
less traumatic
drug screen collections -CORRECT ANSWERdocumented collection, labeling, handling
chain of custody : documentation starting with specimen collection and ends with lab
results receipt
standardized
photo ID to verify identity
no unauthorized access to specimen
adulterated drug urine specimens... -CORRECT ANSWERtemp out of range (measured
within 4 minutes 32-37 C)
unusual urine color
smell of fragrance/bleach
Exam With Questions And
Answers||100% Guaranteed Pass
urine formation -CORRECT ANSWERultrafiltrate of plasma
Urine composition -CORRECT ANSWER95% water, 5% solutes
major organic solute in urine -CORRECT ANSWERurea - 1/2 of solutes in urine
Inorganic solutes in urine -CORRECT ANSWERchloride, sodium, potassium
two things that identify fluid as urine -CORRECT ANSWERurea and creatinine
urine volume -CORRECT ANSWERaverage daily output is 1200-2000 mL
urine volume is influenced by -CORRECT ANSWERstate of hydration, fluid intake,
nonrenal fluid loss, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) variations, excretion of large amounts of
dissolved solids (e.g. glucose)
oliguria -CORRECT ANSWERa decrease in urine output
causes: v/d, sweating, severe burns
anuria -CORRECT ANSWERcessation of urine flow
causes: kidney damage, decreased renal blood flow
nocturia -CORRECT ANSWERincreased urination at night
2-3x more
polyuria -CORRECT ANSWERexcessive urination
diabetes mellitus -CORRECT ANSWERincreased urine volume caused by need to
excrete excess glucose not reabsorbed by the ultrafiltrate
polydipsia
urine appears dilute with high SG
diabetes insipidus -CORRECT ANSWERincreased urine caused by decreased
production/function of ADH causing a decrease in reabsorption of water from ultrafiltrate
,polydipsia
urine is dilute with low SG
urine collection -CORRECT ANSWERclean leak proof containers that can hold up to 50
mL
do not label lid, needs to be on cup
urine rejection -CORRECT ANSWERunlabeled specimens
unmatching labels/reqs
contaminated with feces/tp
QNS
outside of container contaminated
improperly transported
preserve urine integrity by -CORRECT ANSWERtesting within 2 hours
refrigerate or chemical preserve
most urine contamination caused by -CORRECT ANSWERbacterial multiplication
increased bacteria in urine causes -CORRECT ANSWERincreased color, turbidity, pH,
nitrite, odor
decreased glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, RBCs, WBCs, casts
chemical preservation of urine -CORRECT ANSWERbactericidal which inhibits urease
and preserves formed elements
e.g. boric acid prevents bacterial growth but effects chemical testing
random urine specimen -CORRECT ANSWERmost common
for routine screening
can be collected at any time but dietary/physical activity may effect results
first morning urine -CORRECT ANSWERmost ideal because patient is in a basal state
more concentrated than random urine
orthostatic protein and urine preg
fasting urine -CORRECT ANSWERsecond specimen voided, collected after first
morning specimen
does not contain metabolites from dinner the night before
recc for glucose monitoring
24 hour collection urine -CORRECT ANSWERdiurnal variation solutes such as
catecholamines, electrolytes
, more accurate quantitative results
determine concentration of substance for a particular time from urine volume produced
during that time
after 24 hour urine is dropped off at lab -CORRECT ANSWERall containers must be
thoroughly mixed and volume recorded
2 hour PP -CORRECT ANSWERpatients voids before eating routine meal, eats, then
collects next specimen after 2 hours
used to monitor insulin therapy
catheterized specimens -CORRECT ANSWERsterile specimen collected from bladder
with hollow tube
most commonly used for bacteria culture
straight cath vs. indwelling cath -CORRECT ANSWERstraight - no bag attached, does
not stay in, no long term use, quick drainage
indwelling - foley ; small ballon inflated inside bladder to hold it in place, urine bag, long
term
mid stream -CORRECT ANSWERless contaminated than random urine
provide patient with cleansing material
less traumatic
drug screen collections -CORRECT ANSWERdocumented collection, labeling, handling
chain of custody : documentation starting with specimen collection and ends with lab
results receipt
standardized
photo ID to verify identity
no unauthorized access to specimen
adulterated drug urine specimens... -CORRECT ANSWERtemp out of range (measured
within 4 minutes 32-37 C)
unusual urine color
smell of fragrance/bleach
