UTA NURS5334 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST 2 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ placental drug transfer. Answer: all drugs can cross the placenta,
some cross more easily than others
◉ adverse reactions during pregnancy. Answer: can adversely affect
both pregnant pt and fetus
- heparin -> osteoporosis
- prostaglandins -> stimulate uterine contraction
- some pain relievers can be used during delivery can cause
respiratory depression in baby
◉ teratogenesis birth defects. Answer: gross malformations = cleft
palate, clubfoot, hydrocephalus
neurobehavioral & metabolic anomalies
◉ 3 stages of teratogenesis development. Answer: 1. conception
through week 2
2. embryonic period week 3-8 = gross malformations
,3. fetal period week 9-delivery = functions disrupted w/ teratogen
exposure
◉ embryonic stages. Answer:
◉ identification of teratogens. Answer: difficult to identify, 3 criteria
must be met:
1. The agent must be present during the critical stage of
development
2. The agent produces a particular pattern of birth defects in animal
studies.
3. The agent crosses the placenta and there is a dose-response
relationship.
◉ responding to teratogen exposure. Answer: Determine when the
drug was taken
Determine when the pregnancy began
-Weeks 3-8 (organogenesis) is most crucial time
Determine type of malformation expected
,Conduct 2 US and consult FDA to determine severity
◉ how to decrease risk of drug effects during breastfeeding. Answer:
- take drugs immediately after breastfeeding
- avoid drugs w/ long half-lives
- choose drugs that tend to be excluded from milk, least likely to
affect infant
- avoid hazardous drugs
◉ pediatric response to drugs. Answer: - more sensitive to drugs
- greater individual variation
- sensitivity d/t organ system immaturity
- increased risk for adverse rxns
◉ determining the intensity of duration of drug response in
neonates & infants. Answer: - elevated drug levels = more intense
response
- delayed elimination = prolonged response
- immaturity of organs = risk for both^
◉ comparison of plasma drug levels in adults and infants. Answer:
, ◉ increased sensitivity in infants caused by immature state of....
Answer: absorption, protein binding of drugs, BBB, hepatic
metabolism, renal drug excretion
◉ infant absorption: oral administration. Answer: prolonged and
irregular gastric
adult function at 6-8 months
◉ infant absorption: gastric acidity. Answer: - very low 24 hours
after birth
- does not reach adult values for 2 years
- low acidity = absorption of acid-labile drugs is increased
◉ infant absorption: intramuscular admin. Answer: slow, erratic,
delayed absorption as results of low blood flow in 1st few days of life
in early infancy, absorption of IM drugs more rapid than neonates &
adults
◉ infant absorption: transdermal. Answer: more rapid & complete
for infants than older children & adults
- stratum corneum of infant's skin is thin
- blood flow to skin is greater in infants than older patients
- infants increased risk for toxicity from topical drugs
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST 2 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ placental drug transfer. Answer: all drugs can cross the placenta,
some cross more easily than others
◉ adverse reactions during pregnancy. Answer: can adversely affect
both pregnant pt and fetus
- heparin -> osteoporosis
- prostaglandins -> stimulate uterine contraction
- some pain relievers can be used during delivery can cause
respiratory depression in baby
◉ teratogenesis birth defects. Answer: gross malformations = cleft
palate, clubfoot, hydrocephalus
neurobehavioral & metabolic anomalies
◉ 3 stages of teratogenesis development. Answer: 1. conception
through week 2
2. embryonic period week 3-8 = gross malformations
,3. fetal period week 9-delivery = functions disrupted w/ teratogen
exposure
◉ embryonic stages. Answer:
◉ identification of teratogens. Answer: difficult to identify, 3 criteria
must be met:
1. The agent must be present during the critical stage of
development
2. The agent produces a particular pattern of birth defects in animal
studies.
3. The agent crosses the placenta and there is a dose-response
relationship.
◉ responding to teratogen exposure. Answer: Determine when the
drug was taken
Determine when the pregnancy began
-Weeks 3-8 (organogenesis) is most crucial time
Determine type of malformation expected
,Conduct 2 US and consult FDA to determine severity
◉ how to decrease risk of drug effects during breastfeeding. Answer:
- take drugs immediately after breastfeeding
- avoid drugs w/ long half-lives
- choose drugs that tend to be excluded from milk, least likely to
affect infant
- avoid hazardous drugs
◉ pediatric response to drugs. Answer: - more sensitive to drugs
- greater individual variation
- sensitivity d/t organ system immaturity
- increased risk for adverse rxns
◉ determining the intensity of duration of drug response in
neonates & infants. Answer: - elevated drug levels = more intense
response
- delayed elimination = prolonged response
- immaturity of organs = risk for both^
◉ comparison of plasma drug levels in adults and infants. Answer:
, ◉ increased sensitivity in infants caused by immature state of....
Answer: absorption, protein binding of drugs, BBB, hepatic
metabolism, renal drug excretion
◉ infant absorption: oral administration. Answer: prolonged and
irregular gastric
adult function at 6-8 months
◉ infant absorption: gastric acidity. Answer: - very low 24 hours
after birth
- does not reach adult values for 2 years
- low acidity = absorption of acid-labile drugs is increased
◉ infant absorption: intramuscular admin. Answer: slow, erratic,
delayed absorption as results of low blood flow in 1st few days of life
in early infancy, absorption of IM drugs more rapid than neonates &
adults
◉ infant absorption: transdermal. Answer: more rapid & complete
for infants than older children & adults
- stratum corneum of infant's skin is thin
- blood flow to skin is greater in infants than older patients
- infants increased risk for toxicity from topical drugs
