NSC 350 Final Exam--Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

NSC 350 Final Exam--Cellular Adaptation,
Injury, and Death ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS

What causes damage to cells? Etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-physical forces
-temperature
-chemical
-radiation
-biologic
-metabolic


Physical Forces - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-Static
-Dynamic (impact and impulsive)


Static - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Body at rest



Dynamic - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅body or object moving
-impact: direct force. ex: head hitting a steering wheel
-impulsive: inertia. ex: injury to spinal cord


Chemical Forces - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-Drugs
-Ethyl alcohol (ETOH)
-methyl alcohol (moonshine
-Metals
-industrial chemicals


Give examples of contamination:
-environmental:

-metals - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-environmental: venom, fertilization, pollution

, -metals: fish/seafood, lead


Radiation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-ionizing
-non-ionizing
-ultraviolet


Ionizing - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-Gamma (used during surgery)
-X-rays


Non-ionizing - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-ultrasound, microwave, laser
-thermal injury to skin, SQ tissue


Ultraviolet - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-sunburn
-tanning beds


Biologic Injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-infectious agents
-ongoing reproduction
-Viruses (damage DNA, RNA)
-Bacteria (endotoxins, exotoxins)


Exotoxins - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-proteins produced during growth of bacteria
-interferes with enzyme function of many cell structures
-causes cell DEATH
-numerous clinical effects


What produces exotoxins? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-strep pyogenes
-Staph aureus
-Clostridium tetani
-Tonsillitis
-food-borne, toxic shock