MRCS part A: Urology ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
BPH occurs in? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Median lobe in Transitional Zone that
surrounds the urethra
Prostate carcinoma occurs in? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Posterior lobe in peripheral zone
(posteriomedial and lateral)
What is bulbar urethral injury? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Most common type of injury
Occurs with direct kick or falling astride causing rupture of bulbar urethra below perineal
membrane. It will cause urine to collect in anterior wall of abdomen, scrotum and penis
(extravasation between Colles and perineal fascia)
triad signs: urinary retention, perineal haematoma, blood at the meatus
Diagnosis by urography and treated with either genlte cath or suprapubic cath if can't do the
previous one.
Surgery after 3 months.
What is membranous urethra injury? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅followed pelvic fracture
causing extravasation of urine retroperotinum and causing displacement of prostate.
What is priapism? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Unwanted pathological erection lasting >4
hours.
Can be low flow: due to drugs like erection drugs or leukemia and hypercoagulation state.
Doppler show no flow. Aspiration show dark blood, hypoxic and hypercapnic and acidotic.
, aspirated from copora. If fails, try intracavernosal alpha adrenergic agonists every 5-10mins
for 1 hour. if fails then treat with surgery creating fistula.
High flow: trauma causing fistula between penile artery and sinosoidal veins. Treat with
andorgenic ablation.
What is the origin of renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Tumor of renal cortex originating from Proximal convoluted tubule.
Commonly found in upper pole and is yellowish (fatty) and hypervascular
Spread may occur either by direct extension into the adrenal gland, renal vein or surrounding
fascia. More distant disease usually occurs via the haematogenous route to lung, bone or
brain.Renal cell carcinoma comprise up to 85% of all renal malignancies. Males are more
commonly affected than females and sporadic tumours typically affect patients in their sixth
decade.
Most commonly metastasized in lung causing cannonball appearances
How to treat hydrocele? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in children if it does not resolve by
age of 2 years then ligate the patent processus vaginalis via inguinal approach.
Adults undergo through scrotal approach.
Types of renal cell carcinoma? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Clear Cell Carcinoma (MC) -
most common.
- Papillary Carcinoma
- Chromophobic Carcinoma
Oncocytoma - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅benign renal tumour of intercalated cells and
collecting duct. Rarely metastasize
cannot be distinguished from RCC so total nephrectomy is the treatment.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
BPH occurs in? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Median lobe in Transitional Zone that
surrounds the urethra
Prostate carcinoma occurs in? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Posterior lobe in peripheral zone
(posteriomedial and lateral)
What is bulbar urethral injury? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Most common type of injury
Occurs with direct kick or falling astride causing rupture of bulbar urethra below perineal
membrane. It will cause urine to collect in anterior wall of abdomen, scrotum and penis
(extravasation between Colles and perineal fascia)
triad signs: urinary retention, perineal haematoma, blood at the meatus
Diagnosis by urography and treated with either genlte cath or suprapubic cath if can't do the
previous one.
Surgery after 3 months.
What is membranous urethra injury? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅followed pelvic fracture
causing extravasation of urine retroperotinum and causing displacement of prostate.
What is priapism? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Unwanted pathological erection lasting >4
hours.
Can be low flow: due to drugs like erection drugs or leukemia and hypercoagulation state.
Doppler show no flow. Aspiration show dark blood, hypoxic and hypercapnic and acidotic.
, aspirated from copora. If fails, try intracavernosal alpha adrenergic agonists every 5-10mins
for 1 hour. if fails then treat with surgery creating fistula.
High flow: trauma causing fistula between penile artery and sinosoidal veins. Treat with
andorgenic ablation.
What is the origin of renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Tumor of renal cortex originating from Proximal convoluted tubule.
Commonly found in upper pole and is yellowish (fatty) and hypervascular
Spread may occur either by direct extension into the adrenal gland, renal vein or surrounding
fascia. More distant disease usually occurs via the haematogenous route to lung, bone or
brain.Renal cell carcinoma comprise up to 85% of all renal malignancies. Males are more
commonly affected than females and sporadic tumours typically affect patients in their sixth
decade.
Most commonly metastasized in lung causing cannonball appearances
How to treat hydrocele? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in children if it does not resolve by
age of 2 years then ligate the patent processus vaginalis via inguinal approach.
Adults undergo through scrotal approach.
Types of renal cell carcinoma? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Clear Cell Carcinoma (MC) -
most common.
- Papillary Carcinoma
- Chromophobic Carcinoma
Oncocytoma - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅benign renal tumour of intercalated cells and
collecting duct. Rarely metastasize
cannot be distinguished from RCC so total nephrectomy is the treatment.
