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1. Define the 3 key design concepts and describe the application to learners with
visual impairments: 3. Lighting - ANSWER -The amount of light that is provided
by natural or artificial that can help or hurt a low vision learner
-It represents the simple most critical problem for students with low vision
student can struggle from night blindness and need more light to see
-Student can struggle from night blindness and need more light to see students
may struggle with glare from too much lighting
-Photo-phobia affects the learners ability to see with bright lights or certain lights
2. List 3 ingredients of sign legibility - ANSWER Understandable- use plain
languor or the common language of users in that geographic area.
Print signs- must have high contrast and are well designed, well placed, clean and
well illuminated.
Location of signs- easy to locate when they are in consistent locations.
3. What is the recommended placement of an audible pedestrian signal (APS)? -
ANSWER -Each APS device should be on a separate pole, located no more than
10 feet from the curb line, but closer if possible, and as close as possible to the
line of the associated crosswalk that is farthest from the center of the
intersection.
, -Two APS on a corner should be at least 10 feet apart according to the Draft
PROWAG and MUTCD, in order for pedestrian to easily distinguish which device is
sounding
4. Explain the benefit of APS to a learner with a visual impairment. - ANSWER
The visually impaired learner is able to know when it is safe to cross and which
street that they are crossing
5. Describe the effectiveness of tactile guide strips when used at a street crossing.
- ANSWER -A guide strip is used by following it, using constant contact
technique with a long cane
-It helps the blind traveler cross the street using the tactile guide strips
6. Describe accessibility issues in transit stations and what modifications can be
made to assist the learner with a visual impairment. - ANSWER -Lack of
uniformity with and between the transit systems
-The locations of bus stops vary from street to street. It is often difficult to
determine bus numbers and routes.
-The layout of the rail stations are inconsistent because everything such as
platforms, exits, stairs, bathrooms, etc. vary from station to station.
-Technology such as RIAS, talking directories, auditory and tactile transit system
maps, tactile pathways, accessible fare machines, and detectable warnings at
platform edges can provide significant benefits.
-Signage with high contrast, large-print raised letters and braille mounted at eye
level in well-lit areas with predictable, consistent locations can improve
accessibility at transit stations.