NUR 100 Final Exam Study Questions With Complete Solutions

1. Which of the following is a nutrient that is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet? a. zinc b. folate c. potassium d. omega-6 fatty acids - ANSWER Zinc 2. What is the percentage of calories from protein recommended by the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee? a. 5 to 20 percent b. 10 to 20 percent c. 10 to 35 percent d. 15 to 35 percent - ANSWER 10 to 35 percent 3. Which of the following people would you expect to have a nitrogen consumption that is greater than nitrogen excretion? a. someone with protein-energy malnutrition b. a healthy adult c. an astronaut on a space flight d. a child - ANSWER A child 4. Which of the following foods has a protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) of less than 50? a. pea flour b. whole-wheat flour c. skim milk d. soybeans - ANSWER Whole-wheat flour 5. Which of the following is the order of digestibility from most to least digestible? a. legumes, animal sources, non-legume plant sources b. legumes, non-legume plant sources, animal sources c. animal sources, legumes, non-legume plant sources d. animal sources, non-legume plant sources, legumes - ANSWER Animal sources, legumes, non-legume plant sources 6. Which of the following protein sources complements whole-grain bread? a. rice b. beans c. margarine d. potatoes - ANSWER Beans 7. What happens to a protein that is denatured by acid? a. It becomes activated. b. It is broken into single amino acids. c. It folds into a globular shape. d. Its structure is opened up. - ANSWER Its structure is opened up 8. In humans, a high-protein diet worsens existing kidney problems. a. True b. False - ANSWER True 9. Dipeptides and tripeptides have to be broken down to single amino acids before being absorbed into intestinal cells. a. True b. False - ANSWER False 10. Which of the following is a characteristic of the fat soluble vitamins? a. They dissolve in water. b. They require bile for absorption. c. They are easily excreted in urine. d. They are not stored in tissue. - ANSWER They require bile for absorption 11. Which vitamin causes malformations of a fetus if intake is excessive during pregnancy? a. vitamin E b. vitamin B12 c. thiamin d. vitamin A - ANSWER Vitamin A 12. Which of the following vitamins can be made in the body from the precursor tryptophan? a. vitamin D b. niacin c. riboflavin d. vitamin B6 - ANSWER Niacin 13. Which of the following is a role of vitamin D? a. maintains vision b. acts as an antioxidant c. maintains blood calcium and phosphorus levels d. releases energy from the energy-yielding nutrients - ANSWER Maintains blood calcium and phosphorus levels 14. Which of the following foods are good sources of vitamin B12? a. steak, cottage cheese, and tuna b. potatoes, legumes, and whole-wheat bread c. dark green vegetables, corn, and cabbage d. citrus fruit, broccoli, and zucchini - ANSWER Steak, cottage cheese, and tuna 15. Which of the following vitamins is properly matched with its corresponding deficiency disease? a. vitamin D—rickets b. riboflavin—pellagra c. vitamin E—beriberi d. vitamin B6—xerophthalmia - ANSWER Vitamin D— rickets 16. Which vitamin's main role is to help synthesize proteins involved in blood clotting? a. beta-carotene b. vitamin A c. vitamin E d. vitamin K - ANSWER Vitamin K 17. E? Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin a. It is widespread in food. b. It improves athletic endurance. c. It is needed for nerve development. d. It does not have a tolerable upper level (UL). - ANSWER It is widespread in food 18. Into which of the following areas are fat-soluble vitamins released after absorption in the small intestine? a. the bloodstream b. the capillaries c. the liver d. the lymph - ANSWER The lymph 19. Which statement best describes the role of B vitamins in the body? a. B vitamins are a source of energy. b. B vitamins assist in the transport of nutrients. c. B vitamins help the body metabolize the energy yielding nutrients. d. B vitamins are enzymes. - ANSWER B vitamins help the body metabolize the energy-yielding nutrients. 20. Water-soluble vitamins are released into the liver after being absorbed in the small intestine. a. True b. False - ANSWER False 21. Vitamin C promotes the absorption of iron in the small intestine. a. True b. False - ANSWER True 22. A coenzyme is a small molecule that combines with an enzyme and activates it. a. True b. False - ANSWER True 23. Vitamins A, D, E and K are examples of water-soluble vitamins. a. True b. False - ANSWER False 24. Night blindness indicates a deficiency of which vitamin? a. vitamin D b. vitamin C c. vitamin A d. vitamin E - ANSWER Vitamin A 25. Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of key bone proteins. a. True b. False - ANSWER True 26. 27. Which food is a good source of vitamin E? a. wheat germ b. broccoli c. ground beef d. oatmeal - ANSWER Wheat germ Into which area are water-soluble vitamins released after being absorbed in the small intestine? a. bloodstream b. lymphatic system c. liver d. storage compartments - ANSWER Bloodstream 28. What nutrient standard would an individual use to determine whether their intake of calcium is adequate? a. estimated average requirements (EAR) b. recommended dietary allowances (RDA) c. tolerable upper intake levels (UL) d. Daily Values (DV) - ANSWER Recommended dietary allowances 29. For a food to be a "good source" of vitamin A, it must contain more than 30 percent of the Daily Value for vitamin A per serving. a. True b. False - ANSWER False 30. By law, food labels must state the Daily Values percentages for vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron present in the food. a. True b. False - ANSWER True 31. A food labelled as "low in fat" must contain less than 0.5 grams of fat per serving. a. True b. False - ANSWER False 32. Which cellular structure takes in nutrients and releases energy? a. cell membranes b. mitochondria c. nucleus d. genes - ANSWER Mitochondria Your friend Annette complains of chronic heartburn. Which of the following suggestions might be helpful for her to prevent heartburn? a. lying down after eating b. drinking more liquids during meals c. eating two large meals a day rather than several small meals d. wearing loose jeans rather than tight jeans - ANSWER Wearing loose jeans rather than tight jeans Which scenario follows Canada's Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines? a. a man who consumes five alcoholic drinks on one day per month b. a woman who consumes three alcoholic drinks per day twice a week c. a pregnant women who consumes one alcoholic drink per month d. a man who consumes three alcoholic drinks per day four times a week - ANSWER A man who consumes three alcoholic drinks per day four times a week What is the fluid that surrounds the body's cells called? a. plasma b. blood c. extracellular fluid d. intracellular fluid - ANSWER Extracellular plasma