NCCAOM Biomed- Exam with Complete Solutions

NCCAOM Biomed- Exam with
Complete Solutions

What does elevated ALT indicate? - ANSWER-Viral hepatitis, hepatotoxicity, cirrhosis,
mono

What does elevated AST indicate? - ANSWER-Heart attack, strenuous exercise, mono,
trauma

What does ALT=or>AST indicate? - ANSWER-Viral hepatitis, mono, acute
hepatotoxicity

What does 2:1 AST:ALT indicate? - ANSWER-Alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, passive
congestion, bile duct obstruction

What does an increase in bilirubin indicate? - ANSWER-Blocked bile ducts, liver
disease, hemolysis, GB disease (possibly cancer)

What does a decrease in serum albumin indicate? - ANSWER-Liver or kidney disease,
malabsorption syndromes

What does an increase in serum albumin indicate? - ANSWER-Dehydration

What does an increase in GGT indicate? - ANSWER-Liver disease, alcoholism

What does high level of alkaline phosphatase without GGT indicate? - ANSWER-Bone
disease

What is prothrombin time used to measure? - ANSWER-Clotting factor changes in
regards to drugs or liver disease

What is the normal body temperature for an adult? - ANSWER-98.6 degrees F

What is the normal body temperature for an infant? - ANSWER-98.2 degrees F

What are the pathological causes of increased body temperature? - ANSWER-Infection,
increased blood sugar

What are the pathological causes of decreased body temperature? - ANSWER-
Decreased H&H, decreased blood sugar
(Narcotics)

,What is the range for normal heart rate? - ANSWER-60-100 BPM

What is the value for bradycardia? - ANSWER-<59BPM

What is the value for tachycardia? - ANSWER-101+ BPM

What are the pathological causes of tachycardia? - ANSWER-Decreased K+
(potassium)

What are the important causes of bradycardia? - ANSWER-Beta blockers, acute MI

What is the normal respiratory rate? - ANSWER-10-20 breaths per minute

What is tachypnea? - ANSWER-20+ breaths per minute

What is bradypnea? - ANSWER-16- breaths per minute

What are the pathological causes of increased respiratory rate? - ANSWER-Decrease
H&H, increase blood sugar, asthma

What is the normal systolic blood pressure? - ANSWER-<130

What is the normal diastolic blood pressure? - ANSWER->85

What are the pathological causes of decreased blood pressure? - ANSWER-Decreased
H&H, narcotics

What are X-Rays used for? - ANSWER-Detection of pathology of skeletal system, also
soft tissue

What are ultra sounds used for? - ANSWER-Visualize muscles, tendons, organs-
damage and stones

What Is a CT scan used for? - ANSWER-Generates a three dimensional image of body;
used to see internal bleeding

What is an MRI used for? - ANSWER-Images pathological or other physiological
alterations of living tissue
Brain, tumor, damage

What is the normal range for RBCs? - ANSWER-Men:5-6 million/microliter
Women: 3.6-5.6 million/microliter

What pathologies might increase RBC's? - ANSWER-Polycythemia vera, renal disease,
CV disease, pulmonary disease

,What pathologies might decrease RBCs? - ANSWER-Anemia, Hodgkins, sickle cell

What is the normal range for HCT? - ANSWER-Men: 35-55
Women: 45

What pathologies might increase H&H? - ANSWER-Shock, dehydration, COPD, CHF,
polycythemia

What pathologies might decrease H&H? - ANSWER-Anemia, leukemia,
hyperthyroidism, cirrhosis

What is the normal range for WBCs? - ANSWER-5,000-10,000

What pathologies might increase WBCs? - ANSWER-Acute infection, neoplasm,
leukemia

What pathologies might decrease WBCs? - ANSWER-Bone marrow dx, immunity dx,
metastasis, AIDS, chemo

What pathologies might increase ESR? - ANSWER-KD pathology, RA, lupus, thyroid
dx, inflammation

What pathologies might decrease ESR? - ANSWER-Sickle cell, polycythemia

What pathologies might increase iron? - ANSWER-Acute hepatitis, nephrosis

What pathologies might decrease iron? - ANSWER-Anemia, lupus, RA, hypothyroidism
3rd trimester pregnancy

What pathologies might increase BUN? - ANSWER-KD pathology, GI bleed, HT failure,
steroid use

What pathologies might decrease BUN? - ANSWER-Pregnancy, malnutrition, LV
pathology

What is the normal level for createnine? - ANSWER-0.6-1.2 mg/dl

What pathologies might increase createnine? - ANSWER-KD pathology,
hyperthyroidism

What might decrease createnine? - ANSWER-Loss of muscle mass, aging

What pathologies might increase uric acid? - ANSWER-Gout->KD stones, arthritis

, What pathologies might decrease uric acid? - ANSWER-KD disease, toxemia,
hypothyroidism, alcohol

What pathologies might increase CPK? - ANSWER-MI, skeletal muscle disease

What pathologies might increase LDH? - ANSWER-MI, pulmonary infarction, anemia,
leukemia

What pathologies might decrease LDH? - ANSWER-Malnutrition

What are the normal values for HCT? - ANSWER-Males: 40-55
Females: 36-46

What are the normal values for HgB? - ANSWER-Males: 13-18
Females: 12-16

What are the LV enzymes? - ANSWER-GGT, AST, SGOT, ALT, SGPT

What pathologies might increase LV enzymes? - ANSWER-LV pathology, cardiac mm
damage, muscle injury, MD, neoplasm

What pathologies might decrease LV enzymes? - ANSWER-Malnutrition, Vit B def,
pregnancy, hypothalamism, hypothyroidism

What pathologies might increase alkaline phosphatase? - ANSWER-Growing children,
pregnancy, gallstones

What pathologies might decrease alkaline phosphatase? - ANSWER-Genetics,
hypoadrenia, malnutrition

What pathologies might increase LDL? - ANSWER-Atherosclerosis

What pathologies might decrease LDL? - ANSWER-Hemorrhagic stroke

What pathologies might increase HDL? - ANSWER-Insulin, estrogen

What pathologies might decrease HDL? - ANSWER-Hypothyroidism, DM, LV disease

What pathologies might increase T4? - ANSWER-Hyperthyroidism

What pathologies might decrease T4? - ANSWER-Hypothyroidism

What pathologies might increase MCH? - ANSWER-Macrocytic anemia

What pathologies might decrease MCH? - ANSWER-Microcytic anemia