CHEMISTRY STUDY MATERIAL FOR Diploma 1st SEM
Paper Name: Applied Chemistry
Paper Code: BS105
UNIT-4: CHEMISTRY OF FUELS AND LUBRICANTS
Fuel: Fuels are materials that are burnt to produce a large amount of heat energy. Any substance
that upon combustion produces a usable amount of energy is known as fuel. For example wood,
coal, biogas, LPG, petrol, diesel, etc.
Types of Fuel
Solid Fuel
Liquid Fuel
Fuel Gas
Biofuel
Fossil Fuel
COMBUSTUON OF FUELS
Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a
fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often
gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.
, CALORYFIC VALUES
Higher calorific value (HCV) is the absolute amount of heat released by unit mass or volume of
given fuel after combustion. A lower calorific value (LCV) is the absolute quantity of heat
released after burning a unit mass or volume of fuel when side products are allowed to escape.
CALCULATION OF HCV AND LCV USING DULONG’S FORMULA
LUBRICANTS:
1. A lubricant is a substance that helps to reduce friction between any two adjacent surfaces
in mutual contact,
2. Which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move.
3. Generally, they are used wherever a single surface is moving or both are moving.
4. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or
heating or cooling the surfaces.
Paper Name: Applied Chemistry
Paper Code: BS105
UNIT-4: CHEMISTRY OF FUELS AND LUBRICANTS
Fuel: Fuels are materials that are burnt to produce a large amount of heat energy. Any substance
that upon combustion produces a usable amount of energy is known as fuel. For example wood,
coal, biogas, LPG, petrol, diesel, etc.
Types of Fuel
Solid Fuel
Liquid Fuel
Fuel Gas
Biofuel
Fossil Fuel
COMBUSTUON OF FUELS
Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a
fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often
gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.
, CALORYFIC VALUES
Higher calorific value (HCV) is the absolute amount of heat released by unit mass or volume of
given fuel after combustion. A lower calorific value (LCV) is the absolute quantity of heat
released after burning a unit mass or volume of fuel when side products are allowed to escape.
CALCULATION OF HCV AND LCV USING DULONG’S FORMULA
LUBRICANTS:
1. A lubricant is a substance that helps to reduce friction between any two adjacent surfaces
in mutual contact,
2. Which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move.
3. Generally, they are used wherever a single surface is moving or both are moving.
4. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or
heating or cooling the surfaces.
