PALS FINAL REVIEW EXAM 2024/2025 – COMPLETE QUESTION AND ANSWER
GUIDE (100% CORRECT)
Mikey, a 2-year-old boy, is sitting upright on a hospital bed in room 3 of your emergency department.
Your initial impression from the door does not raise immediate concern. On your entry to the room,
you are able to look at Mikey more closely and notice on inhalation his nostrils are flaring. This is a
sign of: -
Answer-Respiratory distress
The proper site for a peripheral pulse assessment in the infant patient is: -
Answer-brachial
You are called to the scene of a 3-year-old patient who was found anxious, *cyanotic* and lethargic
after a fall down a flight of stairs. On assessing the patient, you find vital signs with a respiratory rate
of 30, regular pulse rate of 130, regular capillary refill time of 4 seconds, and a blood pressure of
102/61. What kind of shock is the patient experiencing? -
Answer-compensate shock?
A mnemonic that aids in performing a primary assessment is: -
Answer-ABCDE
A consideration of treatment for a pediatric patient with acute fulminant myocarditis who is in cardiac
arrest or at a high risk of cardiac arrest is: -
Answer-Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
Which of the following is the correct meaning for one of the individual letters in the AVPU scale? -
Answer-Alert - The child is alert and awake and responds to normal stimuli based upon age and
environment
The recommended route of vascular access on a hypotensive pediatric patient is: -
Answer-central IV
You are called to the bedside of a 12-year-old male patient who was admitted after a week of
persistent vomiting, diarrhea and limiting oral intake of both solids and liquids. The patient's airway is
patent, ventilatory rate is within normal limits and the patient's circulatory status presents with
tachycardia, a
,blood pressure of 70/40 and a capillary refill time of 5 seconds. The patient is speaking incoherently.
The patient has no history of cardiac problems or congenital defects. The appropriate fluid
administration dose for this patient is: -
Answer-20 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl over 10 minutes
, You suspect your 8-year-old female patient of being hypovolemic. Her parents brought her to the
emergency department with persistent vomiting and diarrhea for 5 days. The patient presents with
*mottled skin* and reports of periods where "she just stopped breathing!" according to her parents.
The patient is being managed with a BVM and supplemental oxygen. What is the best route of
establishing vascular access for the purpose of fluid resuscitation? -
Answer-IV
Which of the following cannot be administered through an ETT? -
Answer-Sodium bicarbonate
You are examining the rhythm strip of a patient who presents with bradycardia. Which of the
following characteristics may you notice in the rhythm? -
Answer-The most obvious sign of bradycardia on an ECG is slow heart rate. The characteristics of P-waves
and the QRS complex may vary. When looking at an EKG, the following characteristics are seen with
bradycardia patients: Slow heart rate, P-waves may not be noticeable, QRS complex may be wide or
narrow, and P-waves and QRS complex may not be related to bradycardia.
How do children's metabolic rates compare to adults'? -
Answer-higher
Children's demand for oxygen is adults. -
Answer-greater
Which of the following must you monitor while fluid resuscitating a patient? -
Answer-Urine output
What type of pressure is monitored to obtain right ventricular cardiac preload? -
Answer-Central venous pressure (CVP)
Define shock: -
Answer-When oxygen and nutrient supply to body tissue is insufficient compared to metabolic tissue
needs
Your 5-year-old patient is admitted to the PICU and is being treated by your team for hypovolemic
GUIDE (100% CORRECT)
Mikey, a 2-year-old boy, is sitting upright on a hospital bed in room 3 of your emergency department.
Your initial impression from the door does not raise immediate concern. On your entry to the room,
you are able to look at Mikey more closely and notice on inhalation his nostrils are flaring. This is a
sign of: -
Answer-Respiratory distress
The proper site for a peripheral pulse assessment in the infant patient is: -
Answer-brachial
You are called to the scene of a 3-year-old patient who was found anxious, *cyanotic* and lethargic
after a fall down a flight of stairs. On assessing the patient, you find vital signs with a respiratory rate
of 30, regular pulse rate of 130, regular capillary refill time of 4 seconds, and a blood pressure of
102/61. What kind of shock is the patient experiencing? -
Answer-compensate shock?
A mnemonic that aids in performing a primary assessment is: -
Answer-ABCDE
A consideration of treatment for a pediatric patient with acute fulminant myocarditis who is in cardiac
arrest or at a high risk of cardiac arrest is: -
Answer-Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
Which of the following is the correct meaning for one of the individual letters in the AVPU scale? -
Answer-Alert - The child is alert and awake and responds to normal stimuli based upon age and
environment
The recommended route of vascular access on a hypotensive pediatric patient is: -
Answer-central IV
You are called to the bedside of a 12-year-old male patient who was admitted after a week of
persistent vomiting, diarrhea and limiting oral intake of both solids and liquids. The patient's airway is
patent, ventilatory rate is within normal limits and the patient's circulatory status presents with
tachycardia, a
,blood pressure of 70/40 and a capillary refill time of 5 seconds. The patient is speaking incoherently.
The patient has no history of cardiac problems or congenital defects. The appropriate fluid
administration dose for this patient is: -
Answer-20 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl over 10 minutes
, You suspect your 8-year-old female patient of being hypovolemic. Her parents brought her to the
emergency department with persistent vomiting and diarrhea for 5 days. The patient presents with
*mottled skin* and reports of periods where "she just stopped breathing!" according to her parents.
The patient is being managed with a BVM and supplemental oxygen. What is the best route of
establishing vascular access for the purpose of fluid resuscitation? -
Answer-IV
Which of the following cannot be administered through an ETT? -
Answer-Sodium bicarbonate
You are examining the rhythm strip of a patient who presents with bradycardia. Which of the
following characteristics may you notice in the rhythm? -
Answer-The most obvious sign of bradycardia on an ECG is slow heart rate. The characteristics of P-waves
and the QRS complex may vary. When looking at an EKG, the following characteristics are seen with
bradycardia patients: Slow heart rate, P-waves may not be noticeable, QRS complex may be wide or
narrow, and P-waves and QRS complex may not be related to bradycardia.
How do children's metabolic rates compare to adults'? -
Answer-higher
Children's demand for oxygen is adults. -
Answer-greater
Which of the following must you monitor while fluid resuscitating a patient? -
Answer-Urine output
What type of pressure is monitored to obtain right ventricular cardiac preload? -
Answer-Central venous pressure (CVP)
Define shock: -
Answer-When oxygen and nutrient supply to body tissue is insufficient compared to metabolic tissue
needs
Your 5-year-old patient is admitted to the PICU and is being treated by your team for hypovolemic
