NURS 5463 Exam 4 Study Guide with
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answers
When to stop ACLS?
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1. Unsafe conditions for the rescuer
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2. DNR
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3. Signs of death
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4. Conditions not compatible for life
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ACLS Considerations
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1. Witnessed arrest?
|\ |\
2. Initial rhythm
|\ |\
3. Time elapsed (depends on the situation)
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4. Duration of CPR (depends on the situation)
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5. Patient's overall condition
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5. Legal/ethical considerations
|\ |\
7. Debrief
|\
Factors that improve ACLS
|\ |\ |\
1. Witnessed cardiac arrest with immediate CPR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. Utilization of defibrillation when indicated
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,What IV drip should be considered in patients with persistant
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signs of heart failure?
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Nitroglycerin
What are three signs of heart failure?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Orthopnea
JVD
Pulmonary Edema |\
What is diastolic heart failure?
|\ |\ |\ |\
AKA heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
When does diastolic heart failure occur?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
It occurs when the heart's left ventricle becomes stiff and does
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
not relax properly, leading to impaired filling of the heart with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
blood.
Define ejection fraction |\ |\
,A measure of how much blood is pumped out with each
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heartbeat) remains normal, but symptoms of heart failure still
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
develop.
Common signs of diastolic heart failure |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea):
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Fatigue and Weakness:
|\ |\ |\
- Swelling (edema):
|\ |\
- Weight Gain:
|\ |\
- Frequent Urination:
|\ |\
- Cough or Wheezing:
|\ |\ |\
- Difficulty Exercising:
|\ |\
- Chest Pain or Discomfort:
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Palpitations
|\
- Cool Extremities:
|\ |\
What is systolic heart failure?
|\ |\ |\ |\
AKA heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
When does systolic heart failure occur?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, It occurs when the heart's left ventricle loses its ability to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
contract effectively which impairs the heart's ability to pump
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
blood to meet the body's needs.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Ejection fraction in systolic heart failure
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The EF is reduced, typically below 40%, compared to a normal
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
range of 50-70%. |\ |\
What are the causes of systolic heart failure?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- CAD
|\
- HTN
|\
- Dilated cardiomyopathy:
|\ |\
- Valve diseases: (AS, AR, MS, MR)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Arrhythmias
|\
- Myocarditis:
|\
- Smoking
|\
- Excessive alcohol use,
|\ |\ |\
- Drug use (e.g., cocaine).
|\ |\ |\ |\
What are the symptoms of systolic heart failrue?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Fatigue and weakness
|\ |\ |\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answers
When to stop ACLS?
|\ |\ |\
1. Unsafe conditions for the rescuer
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. DNR
|\
3. Signs of death
|\ |\ |\
4. Conditions not compatible for life
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ACLS Considerations
|\
1. Witnessed arrest?
|\ |\
2. Initial rhythm
|\ |\
3. Time elapsed (depends on the situation)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
4. Duration of CPR (depends on the situation)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
5. Patient's overall condition
|\ |\ |\
5. Legal/ethical considerations
|\ |\
7. Debrief
|\
Factors that improve ACLS
|\ |\ |\
1. Witnessed cardiac arrest with immediate CPR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. Utilization of defibrillation when indicated
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,What IV drip should be considered in patients with persistant
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
signs of heart failure?
|\ |\ |\
Nitroglycerin
What are three signs of heart failure?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Orthopnea
JVD
Pulmonary Edema |\
What is diastolic heart failure?
|\ |\ |\ |\
AKA heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
When does diastolic heart failure occur?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
It occurs when the heart's left ventricle becomes stiff and does
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
not relax properly, leading to impaired filling of the heart with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
blood.
Define ejection fraction |\ |\
,A measure of how much blood is pumped out with each
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heartbeat) remains normal, but symptoms of heart failure still
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
develop.
Common signs of diastolic heart failure |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea):
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Fatigue and Weakness:
|\ |\ |\
- Swelling (edema):
|\ |\
- Weight Gain:
|\ |\
- Frequent Urination:
|\ |\
- Cough or Wheezing:
|\ |\ |\
- Difficulty Exercising:
|\ |\
- Chest Pain or Discomfort:
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Palpitations
|\
- Cool Extremities:
|\ |\
What is systolic heart failure?
|\ |\ |\ |\
AKA heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
When does systolic heart failure occur?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, It occurs when the heart's left ventricle loses its ability to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
contract effectively which impairs the heart's ability to pump
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
blood to meet the body's needs.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Ejection fraction in systolic heart failure
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The EF is reduced, typically below 40%, compared to a normal
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
range of 50-70%. |\ |\
What are the causes of systolic heart failure?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- CAD
|\
- HTN
|\
- Dilated cardiomyopathy:
|\ |\
- Valve diseases: (AS, AR, MS, MR)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Arrhythmias
|\
- Myocarditis:
|\
- Smoking
|\
- Excessive alcohol use,
|\ |\ |\
- Drug use (e.g., cocaine).
|\ |\ |\ |\
What are the symptoms of systolic heart failrue?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Fatigue and weakness
|\ |\ |\
