AP Computer Science Principles
Exam||Newest Exam
Update||Guaranteed Pass
Overflow -CORRECT ANSWER error that results when the number of bits is not
enough to hold the number, like a car's odometer "rolling over"
Round-off -CORRECT ANSWER error that results when the number of bits is not
enough to represent the actual number, like 3 digits to represent π as 3.14
Lossy -CORRECT ANSWER Compressing data in a way that throws some data away
and makes it almost impossible to recover the original, great compression, like JPEG
images
Lossless -CORRECT ANSWER Compressing data in a way that preserves all data
away and allows full recovery of the original, good compression -- usually not as good
as lossy, like PNG images
Metadata -CORRECT ANSWER data about data, like a camera storing the location,
aperture, shutter speed, etc. for a digital photo
Sequencing -CORRECT ANSWER code flows line by line, one after another, like a
recipe
Selection -CORRECT ANSWER a boolean condition to determine which of two
algorithmic paths are taken, aka if-then
Iteration -CORRECT ANSWER using a looping control structure, like while, for, foreach,
repeat, repeat-until, etc.
Reasonable Time -CORRECT ANSWER polynomial in the number of steps an
algorithm takes in the worst case based on the input size
Not reasonable time -CORRECT ANSWER Usually exponential in the number of steps,
like doubling every time your input grows by one
Heuristic -CORRECT ANSWER using a "rule" to guide an algorithm, like always walking
toward the north star if you were stuck in a forest
Undecidable -CORRECT ANSWER A problem that is so difficult, we can't ever create
an algorithm that would be able to CORRECT ANSWER yes or no for all inputs, like
determining if a user's program run on some input would always stop and not run
forever
, Linear Search -CORRECT ANSWER Going one by one vs starting in the middle and
going left/right like looking for a word in the dictionary
Binary Search -CORRECT ANSWER requires the list to be sorted in order and then
cutting the list in half
APIs -CORRECT ANSWER Application Programming Interface
Citizen Science -CORRECT ANSWER Lots of people to help with a scientific project,
like asking everyone around the world to count the butterflies they see one day
Cloud Computing -CORRECT ANSWER Using distributed calculations and/or storage
for big data or a web application
Crowdsourcing -CORRECT ANSWER Asking lots of users online to help with
something, like funding a project, or running SETI@Home to help look for
extraterrestrial signals
Creative Commons -CORRECT ANSWER An alternative to copyright that allows people
to declare how they want their artistic creations to be shared, remixed, used in
noncommercial contexts, and how the policy should propagate with remixed versions
Open Access -CORRECT ANSWER A policy that allows people to have read access to
things, e.g., libraries or online data
Moore's Law -CORRECT ANSWER The # of transistors on a chip doubles every two
years
Peer-to-peer Networks -CORRECT ANSWER A system where one user's computer
connects through the Internet to another user's computer without going through an
intermediary "centralized" computer to manage the connection
Digital Divide -CORRECT ANSWER The idea that some communities / populations
have less access to computing than others
ISP -CORRECT ANSWER Internet Service Provider
How does internet communication arrive at its destination? -CORRECT ANSWER
Speech on the Internet goes from the source to an ISP, into the cloud, out of the cloud
to another ISP, and to its destination
How can the government control speech on the Internet? -CORRECT ANSWER 1) It
can try to control the speaker or the speaker's ISP, by criminalizing certain kinds of
speech. But that won't work if the speaker isn't in the same country as the listener.
Exam||Newest Exam
Update||Guaranteed Pass
Overflow -CORRECT ANSWER error that results when the number of bits is not
enough to hold the number, like a car's odometer "rolling over"
Round-off -CORRECT ANSWER error that results when the number of bits is not
enough to represent the actual number, like 3 digits to represent π as 3.14
Lossy -CORRECT ANSWER Compressing data in a way that throws some data away
and makes it almost impossible to recover the original, great compression, like JPEG
images
Lossless -CORRECT ANSWER Compressing data in a way that preserves all data
away and allows full recovery of the original, good compression -- usually not as good
as lossy, like PNG images
Metadata -CORRECT ANSWER data about data, like a camera storing the location,
aperture, shutter speed, etc. for a digital photo
Sequencing -CORRECT ANSWER code flows line by line, one after another, like a
recipe
Selection -CORRECT ANSWER a boolean condition to determine which of two
algorithmic paths are taken, aka if-then
Iteration -CORRECT ANSWER using a looping control structure, like while, for, foreach,
repeat, repeat-until, etc.
Reasonable Time -CORRECT ANSWER polynomial in the number of steps an
algorithm takes in the worst case based on the input size
Not reasonable time -CORRECT ANSWER Usually exponential in the number of steps,
like doubling every time your input grows by one
Heuristic -CORRECT ANSWER using a "rule" to guide an algorithm, like always walking
toward the north star if you were stuck in a forest
Undecidable -CORRECT ANSWER A problem that is so difficult, we can't ever create
an algorithm that would be able to CORRECT ANSWER yes or no for all inputs, like
determining if a user's program run on some input would always stop and not run
forever
, Linear Search -CORRECT ANSWER Going one by one vs starting in the middle and
going left/right like looking for a word in the dictionary
Binary Search -CORRECT ANSWER requires the list to be sorted in order and then
cutting the list in half
APIs -CORRECT ANSWER Application Programming Interface
Citizen Science -CORRECT ANSWER Lots of people to help with a scientific project,
like asking everyone around the world to count the butterflies they see one day
Cloud Computing -CORRECT ANSWER Using distributed calculations and/or storage
for big data or a web application
Crowdsourcing -CORRECT ANSWER Asking lots of users online to help with
something, like funding a project, or running SETI@Home to help look for
extraterrestrial signals
Creative Commons -CORRECT ANSWER An alternative to copyright that allows people
to declare how they want their artistic creations to be shared, remixed, used in
noncommercial contexts, and how the policy should propagate with remixed versions
Open Access -CORRECT ANSWER A policy that allows people to have read access to
things, e.g., libraries or online data
Moore's Law -CORRECT ANSWER The # of transistors on a chip doubles every two
years
Peer-to-peer Networks -CORRECT ANSWER A system where one user's computer
connects through the Internet to another user's computer without going through an
intermediary "centralized" computer to manage the connection
Digital Divide -CORRECT ANSWER The idea that some communities / populations
have less access to computing than others
ISP -CORRECT ANSWER Internet Service Provider
How does internet communication arrive at its destination? -CORRECT ANSWER
Speech on the Internet goes from the source to an ISP, into the cloud, out of the cloud
to another ISP, and to its destination
How can the government control speech on the Internet? -CORRECT ANSWER 1) It
can try to control the speaker or the speaker's ISP, by criminalizing certain kinds of
speech. But that won't work if the speaker isn't in the same country as the listener.
