Nurs 615 Exam II Broad Questions with Correct and
Confirmed Graded A+ Answers. Assured Pass.
Terms in this set (155)
Benzodiazepines act at what Act at GABA receptor by increases GABA which decreases firing of
receptor? neurons
What indications do benzos have? Muscle relaxation, ataxia, anticonvulsant
enhances the effect of GABA at the GABA-A receptor increasing
Alprazolam: Mechanism of action
chloride ion conductance, resulting in neuronal
hyperpolarization and CNS depression
reduces anxiety and panic symptoms, induces sedation and muscle
Alprazolam clinical effects
relaxation, has anticonvulsant properties at higher doses
Dependence, sedation, fatigue, dizziness, ataxia, memory
Alprazolam: Specific side effects
impairment, emotional blunting, hypotension, respiratory
depression, confusion
potentiates the effects of GABA at GABA A receptors by
Lorazepam: Mechanism of action increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening, leading to
neuronal hyperpolarization and inhibition of
neuronal firing.
metabolized via glucuronidation (not CYP450): safer in patients
Where is lorazepam metabolized?
with hepatic impairment
paradoxical anxiety or restlessness common in elderly,
Lorazepam specific side effects
children, or psychiatric patients
Temazepam is a minor metabolite of diazepam. Enhances the
Temazepam: Mechanism of action
postsynaptic effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-
aminobutyric acid (GABA).
temazepam side effects and Next day drowsiness- used for insomnia
adverse reactions
Clonazepam uses Panic disorder, Seizure disorders
What are special considerations High abuse potential, avoid in patients with substance use history
for alprazolam?
What are special considerations Safer in hepatic impairment (no CY metabolism); commonly used inpatient
for lorazepam?
, What are special considerations Best for sleep initiation/maintenance; short term use only
for temazepam?
Special considerations for Useful for chronic anxiety of seizure control due to long half-life
clonazepam
Mainly at the serotonin 1A receptor but does have some activity at
What receptor does Buspar act on?
the dopamine receptor.
When should buspar be taken? Absorbed well orally, should be taken with food to decrease the first-
pass effect
Why would we give buspar Less addictive than a benzo
instead of a benzo?
Patient teaching with buspar Can take a few weeks to feel the full effects
What makes buspar different than No GABAergic activity- therefore no sedation, euphoria,
a benzo as far as GABA? anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant effects like benzos
Best for chronic GAD management; adjunct to SSRIs/SNRIs in
Indication for buspar
depression or mixed anxiety disorders; sometimes used to
reduce sexual side effects caused by SSRIs
Metabolism of Buspar extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism; no active metabolites
Adverse effects of buspar serotonin syndrome if combined with SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, or linezolid
Block the serotonin transporter on presynaptic neurons
SSRI mechanism of action
inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin which increases the
serotonin availability
SSRI uses depression, GAD, panic disorder, OCD, PTSD
Initial side effects of SSRI GI upset; teach that this will improve with time
SSRI metabolism Hepatic; CYP450
Side effects of SSRI sexual dysfunction, weight changes, emotional blunting, sleep disturbances
Serotonin syndrome (linezolid and other MAOIs & triptans),
Adverse effects of SSRI
suicidal ideation (especially in adolescents and young adults)
Which SSRI is Paxil or Paroxetine. Causes fetal cardiac malformations and pulmonary
contraindicated in hypertension.
pregnancy?
Hyperthermia, Autonomic instability, Rigidity, Myoclonus,
Symptoms of serotonin syndrome
Encephalopathy (confusion, agitation), Diaphoresis
SSRI, SNRI, TCAs, MAOIs, atypical antidepressants, buspirone,
Drug-drug interaction with
linezolid? tramadol, meperidine, methadone, fentanyl,
dextromethorphan, lithium, st. johns wort
What are the clinical consequences serotonin syndrome
with a linezolid drug interaction?
Confirmed Graded A+ Answers. Assured Pass.
Terms in this set (155)
Benzodiazepines act at what Act at GABA receptor by increases GABA which decreases firing of
receptor? neurons
What indications do benzos have? Muscle relaxation, ataxia, anticonvulsant
enhances the effect of GABA at the GABA-A receptor increasing
Alprazolam: Mechanism of action
chloride ion conductance, resulting in neuronal
hyperpolarization and CNS depression
reduces anxiety and panic symptoms, induces sedation and muscle
Alprazolam clinical effects
relaxation, has anticonvulsant properties at higher doses
Dependence, sedation, fatigue, dizziness, ataxia, memory
Alprazolam: Specific side effects
impairment, emotional blunting, hypotension, respiratory
depression, confusion
potentiates the effects of GABA at GABA A receptors by
Lorazepam: Mechanism of action increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening, leading to
neuronal hyperpolarization and inhibition of
neuronal firing.
metabolized via glucuronidation (not CYP450): safer in patients
Where is lorazepam metabolized?
with hepatic impairment
paradoxical anxiety or restlessness common in elderly,
Lorazepam specific side effects
children, or psychiatric patients
Temazepam is a minor metabolite of diazepam. Enhances the
Temazepam: Mechanism of action
postsynaptic effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-
aminobutyric acid (GABA).
temazepam side effects and Next day drowsiness- used for insomnia
adverse reactions
Clonazepam uses Panic disorder, Seizure disorders
What are special considerations High abuse potential, avoid in patients with substance use history
for alprazolam?
What are special considerations Safer in hepatic impairment (no CY metabolism); commonly used inpatient
for lorazepam?
, What are special considerations Best for sleep initiation/maintenance; short term use only
for temazepam?
Special considerations for Useful for chronic anxiety of seizure control due to long half-life
clonazepam
Mainly at the serotonin 1A receptor but does have some activity at
What receptor does Buspar act on?
the dopamine receptor.
When should buspar be taken? Absorbed well orally, should be taken with food to decrease the first-
pass effect
Why would we give buspar Less addictive than a benzo
instead of a benzo?
Patient teaching with buspar Can take a few weeks to feel the full effects
What makes buspar different than No GABAergic activity- therefore no sedation, euphoria,
a benzo as far as GABA? anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant effects like benzos
Best for chronic GAD management; adjunct to SSRIs/SNRIs in
Indication for buspar
depression or mixed anxiety disorders; sometimes used to
reduce sexual side effects caused by SSRIs
Metabolism of Buspar extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism; no active metabolites
Adverse effects of buspar serotonin syndrome if combined with SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, or linezolid
Block the serotonin transporter on presynaptic neurons
SSRI mechanism of action
inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin which increases the
serotonin availability
SSRI uses depression, GAD, panic disorder, OCD, PTSD
Initial side effects of SSRI GI upset; teach that this will improve with time
SSRI metabolism Hepatic; CYP450
Side effects of SSRI sexual dysfunction, weight changes, emotional blunting, sleep disturbances
Serotonin syndrome (linezolid and other MAOIs & triptans),
Adverse effects of SSRI
suicidal ideation (especially in adolescents and young adults)
Which SSRI is Paxil or Paroxetine. Causes fetal cardiac malformations and pulmonary
contraindicated in hypertension.
pregnancy?
Hyperthermia, Autonomic instability, Rigidity, Myoclonus,
Symptoms of serotonin syndrome
Encephalopathy (confusion, agitation), Diaphoresis
SSRI, SNRI, TCAs, MAOIs, atypical antidepressants, buspirone,
Drug-drug interaction with
linezolid? tramadol, meperidine, methadone, fentanyl,
dextromethorphan, lithium, st. johns wort
What are the clinical consequences serotonin syndrome
with a linezolid drug interaction?
