Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - Part II National Board
Review Questions With Complete Solutions
A contraindication to TQ use would be? Correct Answers
Previous popliteal-dorsalis pedis bypass grafting, sickle cell
disease.
*TQ use causes low oxygen tension, which could cause cells to
sickle.*
A local field block injected into an infected area is less active
because of what? Correct Answers The acidic area of the
infection converts the anesthetic chemically from an ionized
form to a non-ionized form, thus decreasing penetration into the
cell membrane.
Abrasion arthroplasty resects necrotic islands of cartilage and/or
subchondral bone to what depth? Correct Answers 1.0 mm (to
the level of the tidemark) below the surface of subchondral
bone.
*This is the area that contains the vascularity that provides
nutrition to support growth of new healthy hyaline cartilage.*
According to R.W. Jackson (1982), is more relief of symptoms
achieved with diagnostic arthroscopy attributable to joint lavage
or lysis of adhesions? Correct Answers Joint lavage (21%) >>
lysis of adhesions (4%)
Amides are metabolized in the? Correct Answers Liver.
,An anterocentral scope portal is always located lateral to what
structure? Correct Answers EHL tendon.
Anesthesia is defined as? Correct Answers Loss of sensation
with or without loss of consciousness.
Are the flutes in the sphere of an abrader more aggressive in
cutting in a forward or reverse direction? Correct Answers
Forward.
Arthroscope are available in what sizes? Correct Answers 1.7
mm to 8.0 mm
Cervical spine radiographs should be obtained on a patient with
a history of? Correct Answers RA.
Complications of spinal anesthesia include? Correct Answers
Headache, hypotension, cauda equina syndrome, infection.
Describe a Mayo black. Correct Answers Local "ring" block of
the 1st MTPJ.
Describe MAC anesthesia. Correct Answers IV sedation with a
local anesthesia block.
Describe the ASA classification system. Correct Answers ASA
1: normal healthy patient
ASA 2: patient with mild systemic disease
ASA 3: patient with severe systemic disease
ASA 4: patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant
threat to life
,ASA 5: moribound patient who is not expected to survive
without an operation
ASA 6: declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being
removed for donor purposes
*The addition of "E" denotes emergency surgery. An emergency
is defined as existing when delay in treatment of the patient
would lead to a significant increase in the threat to life or body
part.*
Describe the axis of motion of the ankle joint. Correct Answers
The axis roughly aligns the tips of the malleoli, approximately 8º
to the transverse plane.
*The motion is mainly dorsiflexion with small amounts of
abduction and plantarflexion with small amounts of adduction.*
Describe the compensated equinus foot. Correct Answers
Excessive STJ motion to achieve dorsiflexion, unlocking of the
MTJ with midfoot collapse.
*It is associated with pronation-induced pathologies and is very
destructive.*
Describe the fully compensated forefoot varus foot type. Correct
Answers There is enough STJ ROM to bring the entire forefoot
in contact with the ground.
Describe the hypermobile first ray. Correct Answers Has a high
arch non-WB, with the arch flattening out on WB.
, *Hyperkeratoses are likely to be present under the 2nd
metatarsal head. Has been associated with juvenile HAV,
Morton's neuroma, lesser toe deformities, plantar fasciitis, and
first metatarsocuneiform exostosis.*
Describe the mechanism of breakdown for esters and amides.
Correct Answers Esters are hydrolyzed by pseudocholinesterase
in plasma, while amides are metabolized in the liver.
Describe the MOA of local anesthetics. Correct Answers Local
anesthetics prevent conduction of the nerve by decreasing
sodium permeability, thus increasing the excitation threshold.
Describe the partially compensated forefoot varus foot type.
Correct Answers There is insufficient STJ ROM to bring the
entire forefoot in contact with the ground.
Describe the rigid plantarflexed first ray. Correct Answers Has
a high arch on both non-WB and WB.
*The heel will be in the varus position when standing.
Callosities will be present under the first and fifth metatarsal
heads and under the lateral heel. Has been associated with
sesamoiditis, chronic inversion ankle sprains, tibial stress
fractures, medial knee pain, and lower back pain.*
Describe the STJ. Correct Answers Formed by the posterior
TCJ and the acetabulum pedis lodging the talar head.
*The basic motion at the joint is that of supination
(plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion) or pronation
Review Questions With Complete Solutions
A contraindication to TQ use would be? Correct Answers
Previous popliteal-dorsalis pedis bypass grafting, sickle cell
disease.
*TQ use causes low oxygen tension, which could cause cells to
sickle.*
A local field block injected into an infected area is less active
because of what? Correct Answers The acidic area of the
infection converts the anesthetic chemically from an ionized
form to a non-ionized form, thus decreasing penetration into the
cell membrane.
Abrasion arthroplasty resects necrotic islands of cartilage and/or
subchondral bone to what depth? Correct Answers 1.0 mm (to
the level of the tidemark) below the surface of subchondral
bone.
*This is the area that contains the vascularity that provides
nutrition to support growth of new healthy hyaline cartilage.*
According to R.W. Jackson (1982), is more relief of symptoms
achieved with diagnostic arthroscopy attributable to joint lavage
or lysis of adhesions? Correct Answers Joint lavage (21%) >>
lysis of adhesions (4%)
Amides are metabolized in the? Correct Answers Liver.
,An anterocentral scope portal is always located lateral to what
structure? Correct Answers EHL tendon.
Anesthesia is defined as? Correct Answers Loss of sensation
with or without loss of consciousness.
Are the flutes in the sphere of an abrader more aggressive in
cutting in a forward or reverse direction? Correct Answers
Forward.
Arthroscope are available in what sizes? Correct Answers 1.7
mm to 8.0 mm
Cervical spine radiographs should be obtained on a patient with
a history of? Correct Answers RA.
Complications of spinal anesthesia include? Correct Answers
Headache, hypotension, cauda equina syndrome, infection.
Describe a Mayo black. Correct Answers Local "ring" block of
the 1st MTPJ.
Describe MAC anesthesia. Correct Answers IV sedation with a
local anesthesia block.
Describe the ASA classification system. Correct Answers ASA
1: normal healthy patient
ASA 2: patient with mild systemic disease
ASA 3: patient with severe systemic disease
ASA 4: patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant
threat to life
,ASA 5: moribound patient who is not expected to survive
without an operation
ASA 6: declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being
removed for donor purposes
*The addition of "E" denotes emergency surgery. An emergency
is defined as existing when delay in treatment of the patient
would lead to a significant increase in the threat to life or body
part.*
Describe the axis of motion of the ankle joint. Correct Answers
The axis roughly aligns the tips of the malleoli, approximately 8º
to the transverse plane.
*The motion is mainly dorsiflexion with small amounts of
abduction and plantarflexion with small amounts of adduction.*
Describe the compensated equinus foot. Correct Answers
Excessive STJ motion to achieve dorsiflexion, unlocking of the
MTJ with midfoot collapse.
*It is associated with pronation-induced pathologies and is very
destructive.*
Describe the fully compensated forefoot varus foot type. Correct
Answers There is enough STJ ROM to bring the entire forefoot
in contact with the ground.
Describe the hypermobile first ray. Correct Answers Has a high
arch non-WB, with the arch flattening out on WB.
, *Hyperkeratoses are likely to be present under the 2nd
metatarsal head. Has been associated with juvenile HAV,
Morton's neuroma, lesser toe deformities, plantar fasciitis, and
first metatarsocuneiform exostosis.*
Describe the mechanism of breakdown for esters and amides.
Correct Answers Esters are hydrolyzed by pseudocholinesterase
in plasma, while amides are metabolized in the liver.
Describe the MOA of local anesthetics. Correct Answers Local
anesthetics prevent conduction of the nerve by decreasing
sodium permeability, thus increasing the excitation threshold.
Describe the partially compensated forefoot varus foot type.
Correct Answers There is insufficient STJ ROM to bring the
entire forefoot in contact with the ground.
Describe the rigid plantarflexed first ray. Correct Answers Has
a high arch on both non-WB and WB.
*The heel will be in the varus position when standing.
Callosities will be present under the first and fifth metatarsal
heads and under the lateral heel. Has been associated with
sesamoiditis, chronic inversion ankle sprains, tibial stress
fractures, medial knee pain, and lower back pain.*
Describe the STJ. Correct Answers Formed by the posterior
TCJ and the acetabulum pedis lodging the talar head.
*The basic motion at the joint is that of supination
(plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion) or pronation
