N4331 - Exam 3 (Peds - Roye) Test
Questions and Already Passed
Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
The adolescent age group begins at what age? - Answer age 12 and up
During a physical assessment of an adolescent, what is important to remember regarding
parents? - Answer provide kid privacy!
do assessment alone with kid if parent (and patient!) gives permission
When do growth plates close?
When does prefrontal cortex fully develop? - Answer plates: mid-late adolescence
cortex: late adol.
What is the expected growth for the adolescent; M vs F?
height
weight - Answer F: 3 - 3.5 inches/year, body fat increases
M: 3.5 - 4 inches/year, muscle mass increases
What is considered a healthy BMI?
overweight?
obese? - Answer healthy: 5-85%
overwt: 85-95%
obese: >95%
What are the developmental stages for an adolescent?
Erikson
Piaget - Answer E: identity vs role confusion (identity & body image stabilizes in late adol)
P: formal operational (egocentric, abstract thinking)
When would you expect body image and identity to stabilize during adolescent stage?
,*sleep deficits common in this age group*
How can a parent tell between hormones and depression?
Most common tx for depression? - Answer depression lasts 2 weeks or longer
tx: SSRIs (fluoxetine, paroxetine, escitalopram, sertriline)
Statistics of alcohol use in 10th grade?
12th grade? - Answer 10th: 1 in 5
12th: 1 in 3
What disease is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus? - Answer mononucleosis
(s/s last 2-4wks, full recovery by 6months)
Patient presents with presumed strep and is sent home with antibiotics. Mother called back
stating patient now has a rash, what is happening? - Answer its mono!
will develop rash if treated with abx
What causes mono?
How long do symptoms last?
How long until a full recovery from mono?
What should be avoided? - Answer Epstein-Barr virus
s/s last 2-4 weeks
full recovery in 6 months
avoid spleen rupture!! so no contact sports
Discuss the blood flow of a fetus
SVC vs IVC
include fetal structures (3) - Answer IVC brings oxygenated blood to the RA from placenta via
ductus venosus and is directed to LA (bypasses RV) via foramen ovale
travels from LA to LV to aorta to body (with oxy blood)
SVC bring DEoxygenated blood from body to RA and trickles into RV, then to pulmonary artery
BUT because such ↑SVC in PA, most (80%) deoxy blood flows into aorta via ductus arteriosus
, What are the 3 fetal heart structures that exist prior to birth? - Answer foramen ovale (RA to
LA)
ductus arteriosus (connects PA to aorta)
ductus venosus (connects placenta to IVC)
Due to lower volume pressures in a fetus, the cardiac output is dependent on ________. -
Answer rate!
remember CO = SV + HR
because low pressures (low SV), must have higher HR
When is knees-to-chest position recommended?
Why?
aka __________ - Answer during hypercyanotic spell (↓O2)
squatting will ↑SVR and force more blood to heart
*aka tet spell
Discuss the pathophysiology of a patent ductus arteriosus after birth
s/s (4)
tx (3) - Answer patent DA will result in ↑flow to pulmonary system from the aorta
(think; aorta has ↑pressures so will flow BACK to PA)
s/s: can be asymptomatic, tachypnic, dyspnea, bounding pulse (oxygenated blood not getting to
body, instead going to lungs)
tx: indomethacin, IV ibuprofen, or may need sx
Discuss patho of an atrial septal defect
s/s (4)
tx (2) - Answer hole exists between RA and LA, ∵ ↑pressures in LA than RA, oxygenated blood
flows BACK into RA, routing oxy blood back to lungs (rather than body that needs it)
s/s: asymptomatic unless large hole, s/s of HF, edema (too much blood in RA so backs up to
body), murmur
tx: "watch and wait" usually , sx if bad
Questions and Already Passed
Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
The adolescent age group begins at what age? - Answer age 12 and up
During a physical assessment of an adolescent, what is important to remember regarding
parents? - Answer provide kid privacy!
do assessment alone with kid if parent (and patient!) gives permission
When do growth plates close?
When does prefrontal cortex fully develop? - Answer plates: mid-late adolescence
cortex: late adol.
What is the expected growth for the adolescent; M vs F?
height
weight - Answer F: 3 - 3.5 inches/year, body fat increases
M: 3.5 - 4 inches/year, muscle mass increases
What is considered a healthy BMI?
overweight?
obese? - Answer healthy: 5-85%
overwt: 85-95%
obese: >95%
What are the developmental stages for an adolescent?
Erikson
Piaget - Answer E: identity vs role confusion (identity & body image stabilizes in late adol)
P: formal operational (egocentric, abstract thinking)
When would you expect body image and identity to stabilize during adolescent stage?
,*sleep deficits common in this age group*
How can a parent tell between hormones and depression?
Most common tx for depression? - Answer depression lasts 2 weeks or longer
tx: SSRIs (fluoxetine, paroxetine, escitalopram, sertriline)
Statistics of alcohol use in 10th grade?
12th grade? - Answer 10th: 1 in 5
12th: 1 in 3
What disease is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus? - Answer mononucleosis
(s/s last 2-4wks, full recovery by 6months)
Patient presents with presumed strep and is sent home with antibiotics. Mother called back
stating patient now has a rash, what is happening? - Answer its mono!
will develop rash if treated with abx
What causes mono?
How long do symptoms last?
How long until a full recovery from mono?
What should be avoided? - Answer Epstein-Barr virus
s/s last 2-4 weeks
full recovery in 6 months
avoid spleen rupture!! so no contact sports
Discuss the blood flow of a fetus
SVC vs IVC
include fetal structures (3) - Answer IVC brings oxygenated blood to the RA from placenta via
ductus venosus and is directed to LA (bypasses RV) via foramen ovale
travels from LA to LV to aorta to body (with oxy blood)
SVC bring DEoxygenated blood from body to RA and trickles into RV, then to pulmonary artery
BUT because such ↑SVC in PA, most (80%) deoxy blood flows into aorta via ductus arteriosus
, What are the 3 fetal heart structures that exist prior to birth? - Answer foramen ovale (RA to
LA)
ductus arteriosus (connects PA to aorta)
ductus venosus (connects placenta to IVC)
Due to lower volume pressures in a fetus, the cardiac output is dependent on ________. -
Answer rate!
remember CO = SV + HR
because low pressures (low SV), must have higher HR
When is knees-to-chest position recommended?
Why?
aka __________ - Answer during hypercyanotic spell (↓O2)
squatting will ↑SVR and force more blood to heart
*aka tet spell
Discuss the pathophysiology of a patent ductus arteriosus after birth
s/s (4)
tx (3) - Answer patent DA will result in ↑flow to pulmonary system from the aorta
(think; aorta has ↑pressures so will flow BACK to PA)
s/s: can be asymptomatic, tachypnic, dyspnea, bounding pulse (oxygenated blood not getting to
body, instead going to lungs)
tx: indomethacin, IV ibuprofen, or may need sx
Discuss patho of an atrial septal defect
s/s (4)
tx (2) - Answer hole exists between RA and LA, ∵ ↑pressures in LA than RA, oxygenated blood
flows BACK into RA, routing oxy blood back to lungs (rather than body that needs it)
s/s: asymptomatic unless large hole, s/s of HF, edema (too much blood in RA so backs up to
body), murmur
tx: "watch and wait" usually , sx if bad
