N4431 UTA Pediatric Exam 3
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Chain of Infection - Answer Infectious Agent - capable of causing infection
Reservoir - area to thrive and reproduce
Portal of Exit - exit to leave reservoir
Mode of Transmission - direct/indirect transmission
Portal of Entry - entry area for pathogen
Susceptible Host - person who cannot resist pathogen
Stages of Infection - Answer Incubation - time from entrance of pathogen to first symptom,
pathogen actively multiplying
Prodrome - time from appearance of non-specific symptoms to more specific symptoms of the
disease
Illness - signs and symptoms of disease clearly evident
Convalescence - acute symptoms begin to disappear
Infection Variations Pediatric - Answer Infants - Immature immune systems increase
susceptibility to infection
Newborns - lower inflammatory response to invading organisms lead to higher risk of infection
Cellular Immunity - functional area birth; mediated by T cells
Humoral Immunity - antibody mediated by B cells; occurs when body encounters and develops
immunity to new disease/infection
Infants - as their passive immunity from maternal antibodies lower they are at greater risk of
, Fever Management - Answer Acetaminophen - 10 to 15 mg/kg/dose q 4-6 hrs limit to 5
doses/24 hrs
Ibuprofen - 5 to 10 mg/kg/dose q 6 hrs only 6 months old and up limit 4 doses/24 hrs; never
give on an empty stomach
NEVER use Aspirin for child with fever due to Reye's syndrome
Monitor for S&S of dehydration
Sponging - controversial; use tepid water or alcohol; ensure sponging does not initiate shivering
Call Provider - under 3 months and temp is above 100.4, any child who is lethargic or listless no
matter what temp is, fever longer than 3-5 days, higher than 105, immunocompromised by
illness w/ cancer, HIV
Common Medical Treatments (Infection) - Answer Hydration - used when unable to replace
fluid loss due to vomiting/diarrhea; encourage oral fluids, offer preferred fluid, strict I&O,
monitor IV rate, site
Fever Reduction - if fever is too high or causing discomfort or cannot maintain metabolic
demand related to fever; ibuprofen, acetaminophen, no asa, light clothing, remove blankets,
tepid bath, cooling blanket, fan; do not induce shivering
Antibiotics - kill and prevent bacteria growth, treat bacterial infections; check for allergies, give
medications as ordered - timing, length, route
Antivirals - Jill and prevent viral growth, treat viral infections; check for allergies, give
medications as ordered - timing, length, route, proper administration technique
Antipyretics - decrease temp by inhibiting prostaglandins then heat loss via vasoconstriction and
sweating; proper dosing, route, concentration, interval, no ibuprofen if bleeding disorder, assess
fever, tachycardia, shivering, diaphoresis
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Chain of Infection - Answer Infectious Agent - capable of causing infection
Reservoir - area to thrive and reproduce
Portal of Exit - exit to leave reservoir
Mode of Transmission - direct/indirect transmission
Portal of Entry - entry area for pathogen
Susceptible Host - person who cannot resist pathogen
Stages of Infection - Answer Incubation - time from entrance of pathogen to first symptom,
pathogen actively multiplying
Prodrome - time from appearance of non-specific symptoms to more specific symptoms of the
disease
Illness - signs and symptoms of disease clearly evident
Convalescence - acute symptoms begin to disappear
Infection Variations Pediatric - Answer Infants - Immature immune systems increase
susceptibility to infection
Newborns - lower inflammatory response to invading organisms lead to higher risk of infection
Cellular Immunity - functional area birth; mediated by T cells
Humoral Immunity - antibody mediated by B cells; occurs when body encounters and develops
immunity to new disease/infection
Infants - as their passive immunity from maternal antibodies lower they are at greater risk of
, Fever Management - Answer Acetaminophen - 10 to 15 mg/kg/dose q 4-6 hrs limit to 5
doses/24 hrs
Ibuprofen - 5 to 10 mg/kg/dose q 6 hrs only 6 months old and up limit 4 doses/24 hrs; never
give on an empty stomach
NEVER use Aspirin for child with fever due to Reye's syndrome
Monitor for S&S of dehydration
Sponging - controversial; use tepid water or alcohol; ensure sponging does not initiate shivering
Call Provider - under 3 months and temp is above 100.4, any child who is lethargic or listless no
matter what temp is, fever longer than 3-5 days, higher than 105, immunocompromised by
illness w/ cancer, HIV
Common Medical Treatments (Infection) - Answer Hydration - used when unable to replace
fluid loss due to vomiting/diarrhea; encourage oral fluids, offer preferred fluid, strict I&O,
monitor IV rate, site
Fever Reduction - if fever is too high or causing discomfort or cannot maintain metabolic
demand related to fever; ibuprofen, acetaminophen, no asa, light clothing, remove blankets,
tepid bath, cooling blanket, fan; do not induce shivering
Antibiotics - kill and prevent bacteria growth, treat bacterial infections; check for allergies, give
medications as ordered - timing, length, route
Antivirals - Jill and prevent viral growth, treat viral infections; check for allergies, give
medications as ordered - timing, length, route, proper administration technique
Antipyretics - decrease temp by inhibiting prostaglandins then heat loss via vasoconstriction and
sweating; proper dosing, route, concentration, interval, no ibuprofen if bleeding disorder, assess
fever, tachycardia, shivering, diaphoresis
