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1. Diagonal technique when traveling guide - ANSWER - shaft grasped below
the grip
- grip is against or in line with back of forearm
- hand is held at the side in natural position with tip forward at traveler's midline
- tip lowered or not
2. Trailing with diagonal technique objectives - ANSWER - to enable the
traveler to locate specific objectives along a wall or building line
- to enable the traveler to maintain a straight line of travel
- to enable traveler to maintain contact with enviro while traveling through space
3. Trailing with diagonal technique procedure - ANSWER - traveler faces
desired direction, positioned parallel to and near trailing surface
- cane is held in opposite hand to surface to be trailed
- traveler should be 10-20cm (3-7") from trailing surface
,- cane extends across body to surface providing full frontal preview
- make sure hand is brought forward to compensate for lateral extension of cane
so rxn time is not lost
- tip is just above floor in light contact w/ trailing surface
- traveler proceeds along surface mentally projecting a straight line and
maintaining light contact with cane
4. Two point touch objectives - ANSWER - to provide traveler w/ technique
which provides sufficient obstacle and surface preview to allow for travel in
unfamiliar and uncontrolled environments
5. Two point touch procedure - ANSWER - standard grip of cane
- arm is flexed at the shoulder until hand is waist height, arm fully extended in firm
position and elbow is flexed slightly (upper arm may rest against body)
- hand positioned at or near center of body
- wrist is outwardly rotated so prominent bones at base of thumb face upward
and back of hand faces the side
- cane is moved from side to side by flexion, extension, and hyperextension of
wrist
- tip touches about 1" outside widest part of the body (shoulders or hips)
- cane is moved in synchronized with feet, resulting in alternating footcane pattern
6. Why position hand at center of body in two point touch technique - ANSWER
- point of reference for the technique
- symmetrical arc
,- equal preview of both sides of the body
- maximal frontal preview
7. Touch and slide technique objectives - ANSWER - provide more continuous
surface preview
- provide earlier warnings of drop offs
- enhance detection of subtle changes in texture and other surface changes
8. Touch and slide procedure - ANSWER - cane tip is touched down at 30
degrees past midline
- tip remains in contact with walking surface as it slides 20-25cm to the lateral
extent of the arc
- the return of cane is slightly quicker
9. When would you use touch and slide technique - ANSWER - terrain changes
- sloping areas
- dry/wet & muddy areas
- leaves
10. Constant contact technique - ANSWER - same as two point touch but cane
is not lifted from the ground
- in step not as important
- super tactual feedback resulting in detection of small surface discontinuities and
precise location of walkway margins along with rich textural feedback about the
nature of this surface
, - lower thresholds of drop-off detection
11. Why use basic trailing with touch technique - ANSWER - To enable a
person to locate specific objectives along a wall, building, or grass line
- To help the traveler maintain a straight line of travel
- To enable the traveler to maintain contact with the environment while traveling
through space
12. Basic trailing with touch technique procedure - ANSWER - The traveler
should touch the surface being trailed consistently but ligthtly
- The trailing service must be checked any time contact is made and nothing is
found
- If the traveler trails and is too far away from the wall then the traveler does NOT
stretch her arm BUT instead moves in closer to the wall and continues trailing
13. Trailing with 3 point touch purpose - ANSWER - . to parallel vertical objects
(curbs) in order to locate a specific objective on a level HIGHER than the walking
surface
- to locate low landmark
- to locate door above sidewalk
- to locate stairs in a wall
- to locate doorway above strip
14. Trailing with 3 point touch procedure - ANSWER - tip is moved across an
din front of the body to the trailing surface