14th ed. Microbiology Fundamentals:
A Clinical Approach by Marjorie Kelly
Cowan Ch 1 Vocabulary Exam
Questions And Answers
/. Microbiology - Answer-✅A specialized area of biology that deals with living things
ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification
/.Microorganism - Answer-✅A living thing ordinarily too small to be seen without
magnification; an organism of microscopic size.
/.Bacteria - Answer-✅category of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls and
circular chromosome(s). This group of small cells is widely distributed in the earth's
habitats.
When capitalized, this term refers to one of the three domains of living organisms
proposed by Woese containing all nonarchaea prokaryotes
/.Archaea - Answer-✅prokaryotic single-celled organisms of primitive origin that have
unusual anatomy, physiology, and genetics and live in harsh habitats; when capitalized,
the term refers to one of the three domains of living organisms as proposed by Woese
/.Fungi - Answer-✅macroscopic and microscopic heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms
that can be uni- or multicellular
/.Protozoa - Answer-✅a group of single-celled, eukaryotic organisms
/.Helminths - Answer-✅A term that designates all parasitic worms.
/.Viruses - Answer-✅Microscopic, acellular agent composed of nucleic acid surrounded
by a protein coat.
/.Prions - Answer-✅A concocted word to denote "proteinaceous infectious agent"; a
cytopathic protein associated with the slow-virus spongiform encephalopathies of
humans and animals.
/.Eukaryotic Cells - Answer-✅Cell that has nuclear membrane (a well-defined
membrane), membrane-bound subcellular organelles, and mitotic cell division
, /.Prokaryotic Cells - Answer-✅Small cells lacking special structures such as a nucleus
and organelles. All of these types of cells are microorganisms.
/.Akaryotes - Answer-✅Alternate term for prokaryotes, meaning 'no nucleus'; A
designation for bacteria and archaea
/.Ubiquitous - Answer-✅found everywhere
/.Theory of Evolution - Answer-✅The evidenced cited to explain how evolution occurs
/.Evolution - Answer-✅Scientific principle that states that living things change gradually
through hundreds of millions of years, and these changes are expressed in structural
and functional adaptations in each organism. It presumes that those traits that favor
survival are preserved and passed on to the following generations, and those traits that
do not favor survival are lost
/.Photosynthesis - Answer-✅a process occurring in plants, algae, and some bacteria
that traps the sun's energy and converts it to ATP in the cell. This energy is used to fix
CO2 into organic compounds
/.Biotechnology - Answer-✅The intentional use by humans of living organisms or their
products to accomplish a goal related to health or the environment
/.recombinant DNA technology - Answer-✅A technology, also known as genetic
engineering, that deliberately modifies the genetic structure of an organism to create
novel products, microbes, animals, plants, and viruses.
/.Bioremediation - Answer-✅Decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes or
consortia of microbes.
/.Pathogens - Answer-✅Any agent (usually a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or
helminth) that causes disease.
/.infectious disease - Answer-✅the state of damage or toxicity in the body caused by an
infectious agent
/.organelles - Answer-✅A small component of eukaryotic cells that is bounded by a
membrane and specialized in function.
/.Spontaneous generation - Answer-✅Early belief that living things arose from vital
forces present in nonliving, or decomposing, matter.
/.abiogenesis - Answer-✅The belief in spontaneous generation as a source of life.
A Clinical Approach by Marjorie Kelly
Cowan Ch 1 Vocabulary Exam
Questions And Answers
/. Microbiology - Answer-✅A specialized area of biology that deals with living things
ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification
/.Microorganism - Answer-✅A living thing ordinarily too small to be seen without
magnification; an organism of microscopic size.
/.Bacteria - Answer-✅category of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls and
circular chromosome(s). This group of small cells is widely distributed in the earth's
habitats.
When capitalized, this term refers to one of the three domains of living organisms
proposed by Woese containing all nonarchaea prokaryotes
/.Archaea - Answer-✅prokaryotic single-celled organisms of primitive origin that have
unusual anatomy, physiology, and genetics and live in harsh habitats; when capitalized,
the term refers to one of the three domains of living organisms as proposed by Woese
/.Fungi - Answer-✅macroscopic and microscopic heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms
that can be uni- or multicellular
/.Protozoa - Answer-✅a group of single-celled, eukaryotic organisms
/.Helminths - Answer-✅A term that designates all parasitic worms.
/.Viruses - Answer-✅Microscopic, acellular agent composed of nucleic acid surrounded
by a protein coat.
/.Prions - Answer-✅A concocted word to denote "proteinaceous infectious agent"; a
cytopathic protein associated with the slow-virus spongiform encephalopathies of
humans and animals.
/.Eukaryotic Cells - Answer-✅Cell that has nuclear membrane (a well-defined
membrane), membrane-bound subcellular organelles, and mitotic cell division
, /.Prokaryotic Cells - Answer-✅Small cells lacking special structures such as a nucleus
and organelles. All of these types of cells are microorganisms.
/.Akaryotes - Answer-✅Alternate term for prokaryotes, meaning 'no nucleus'; A
designation for bacteria and archaea
/.Ubiquitous - Answer-✅found everywhere
/.Theory of Evolution - Answer-✅The evidenced cited to explain how evolution occurs
/.Evolution - Answer-✅Scientific principle that states that living things change gradually
through hundreds of millions of years, and these changes are expressed in structural
and functional adaptations in each organism. It presumes that those traits that favor
survival are preserved and passed on to the following generations, and those traits that
do not favor survival are lost
/.Photosynthesis - Answer-✅a process occurring in plants, algae, and some bacteria
that traps the sun's energy and converts it to ATP in the cell. This energy is used to fix
CO2 into organic compounds
/.Biotechnology - Answer-✅The intentional use by humans of living organisms or their
products to accomplish a goal related to health or the environment
/.recombinant DNA technology - Answer-✅A technology, also known as genetic
engineering, that deliberately modifies the genetic structure of an organism to create
novel products, microbes, animals, plants, and viruses.
/.Bioremediation - Answer-✅Decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes or
consortia of microbes.
/.Pathogens - Answer-✅Any agent (usually a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or
helminth) that causes disease.
/.infectious disease - Answer-✅the state of damage or toxicity in the body caused by an
infectious agent
/.organelles - Answer-✅A small component of eukaryotic cells that is bounded by a
membrane and specialized in function.
/.Spontaneous generation - Answer-✅Early belief that living things arose from vital
forces present in nonliving, or decomposing, matter.
/.abiogenesis - Answer-✅The belief in spontaneous generation as a source of life.
