age 1 of 35
HFHS Critical Care FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND NEW VERSION>
Hyperchloremia S&S ......ANSWER........Metabolic Acidosis with
fast breaths like Kussmaul's (resp comp), weak, lethargy,
diminished cognitive ability, progressing into coma
Hypocalcemia S&S ......ANSWER........iCa less than < 2.5 tingling,
carpopedal spasms, hyperactive reflexes, musc cramps, tetany,
twitch, seiz. long QT & ST segments, heart block, HF, decreased
HR & BP, prolonged clotting time, bleeding, prolonged
contraction of resp and laryngeal muscles (bronchospasm),
stridor, cyanosis
,age 2 of 35
Hypercalcemia S&S ......ANSWER........Hypoactive reflexes,
confusion, memory loss, stupor, coma, shortened QT, prolonged
PR & QRS, bradycardia, increased BP, weakness, fatigue,
anorexia, nausea, constipation, decreased K/Mg/Na.
Diabetes Insipidus ......ANSWER........large output of dilute urine
caused by the posterior pituitary's decreased secretion of
antidiuretic hormone
Normal Length for PR, QRS, and QT intervals.
......ANSWER........PR 0.12-0.20 sec, QRS 0.08-0.12 sec, and QT
interval less than or = to 450 ms or half the R-R interval
Big box on ECG readings = ___ seconds? ......ANSWER........0.20
seconds
Little boxes on ECG readings = ____ seconds?
......ANSWER........0.04 seconds
,age 3 of 35
The mA that achieves capture is the _______ _________
......ANSWER........pacing threshold
Defibrillation energy settings (biphasic and monophasic)
......ANSWER........biphasic 120-200 j and monophasic 360 j
Synchronized Cardioversion energy settings for SVT or aflutter,
for afib, and for monomorphic VT (biphasic and monophasic)
......ANSWER........SVT or aflutter-biphasic 50-100 j &
monophasic 200 j
Afib-biphasic 120-200 j & monophasic 200 j
Monomorphic VT-biphasic 100 j & monophasic 100 j
Vtach treatment ......ANSWER........Synchronized cardioversion
and Antiarrhythmic such as Amiodarone (150-300 mg) and/or
lidocaine
, age 4 of 35
Vfib treatment ......ANSWER........Defibrillation also can load
them up with Amiodarone
SVT treatment ......ANSWER........Vasovagal maneuvers, carotid
massage, Adenosine (if BP is good) 6 mg for first dose and then
12 mg for the second dose, or synchronized cardioversion
Torsades treatment ......ANSWER........Synchronized cardioverison
(if regular) or defibrillation (if irregular) and administer Mg
(treating underlying cause)
Anatomical location of Cardiac Assessment Landmarks
......ANSWER........
Pulse pressure calculation ......ANSWER........Difference between
the systolic and diastolic pressure for example 120/60 the pulse
pressure is 60!
HFHS Critical Care FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND NEW VERSION>
Hyperchloremia S&S ......ANSWER........Metabolic Acidosis with
fast breaths like Kussmaul's (resp comp), weak, lethargy,
diminished cognitive ability, progressing into coma
Hypocalcemia S&S ......ANSWER........iCa less than < 2.5 tingling,
carpopedal spasms, hyperactive reflexes, musc cramps, tetany,
twitch, seiz. long QT & ST segments, heart block, HF, decreased
HR & BP, prolonged clotting time, bleeding, prolonged
contraction of resp and laryngeal muscles (bronchospasm),
stridor, cyanosis
,age 2 of 35
Hypercalcemia S&S ......ANSWER........Hypoactive reflexes,
confusion, memory loss, stupor, coma, shortened QT, prolonged
PR & QRS, bradycardia, increased BP, weakness, fatigue,
anorexia, nausea, constipation, decreased K/Mg/Na.
Diabetes Insipidus ......ANSWER........large output of dilute urine
caused by the posterior pituitary's decreased secretion of
antidiuretic hormone
Normal Length for PR, QRS, and QT intervals.
......ANSWER........PR 0.12-0.20 sec, QRS 0.08-0.12 sec, and QT
interval less than or = to 450 ms or half the R-R interval
Big box on ECG readings = ___ seconds? ......ANSWER........0.20
seconds
Little boxes on ECG readings = ____ seconds?
......ANSWER........0.04 seconds
,age 3 of 35
The mA that achieves capture is the _______ _________
......ANSWER........pacing threshold
Defibrillation energy settings (biphasic and monophasic)
......ANSWER........biphasic 120-200 j and monophasic 360 j
Synchronized Cardioversion energy settings for SVT or aflutter,
for afib, and for monomorphic VT (biphasic and monophasic)
......ANSWER........SVT or aflutter-biphasic 50-100 j &
monophasic 200 j
Afib-biphasic 120-200 j & monophasic 200 j
Monomorphic VT-biphasic 100 j & monophasic 100 j
Vtach treatment ......ANSWER........Synchronized cardioversion
and Antiarrhythmic such as Amiodarone (150-300 mg) and/or
lidocaine
, age 4 of 35
Vfib treatment ......ANSWER........Defibrillation also can load
them up with Amiodarone
SVT treatment ......ANSWER........Vasovagal maneuvers, carotid
massage, Adenosine (if BP is good) 6 mg for first dose and then
12 mg for the second dose, or synchronized cardioversion
Torsades treatment ......ANSWER........Synchronized cardioverison
(if regular) or defibrillation (if irregular) and administer Mg
(treating underlying cause)
Anatomical location of Cardiac Assessment Landmarks
......ANSWER........
Pulse pressure calculation ......ANSWER........Difference between
the systolic and diastolic pressure for example 120/60 the pulse
pressure is 60!
