NR599 Chamberlain- Informatics
Ethical decision making - answer-Ethical decision making refers to the process of
making informed choices about ethical dilemmas based on a set of standards
differentiating right from wrong.
-The E-Health Code of Ethics (eHealth code, n.d.), which includes eight standards for
the ethical development of health-related Internet sites: (1) candor, (2) honesty, (3)
quality, (4) informed consent, (5) privacy, (6) professionalism, (7) responsible
partnering, and (8) accountability.
-the concept of nonmaleficence ("do no harm") will be broadened to include those
individuals and groups whom one may never see in person, but with whom one will
enter into a professional relationship of trust and care.suggests that both autonomy and
justice are enhanced with universal access to information, but that tensions may be
created in patient-provider relationships as a result of this access to outside information.
Healthcare workers need to realize that they are no longer the sole providers and
gatekeepers of health-related information; ideally, they should embrace information
empowerment and suggest websites to patients that contain reliable, accurate, and
relevant information
Bioethical standards - answerbioethical decision-making model centers on the
healthcare professional's implicit agreement with the patient or client (1) autonomy, (2)
freedom, (3) veracity, (4) privacy, (5) beneficence, and (6) fidelity.
Telehealth - answerTelehealth is still an evolving technology; while the offsite
interventions or contacts often lead to less time being wasted on non-care-oriented
tasks because of the efficiencies offered by the technology applications, its use must
never be associated with less care. It is also important to note that nursing activity in
telehealth still follows the same best practice standards as those espoused in
conventional care.
FDA Oversight for Medical Devices - answerThe FDA intends to apply its regulatory
authorities to select software applications intended for use on mobile platforms. Given
the rapid expansion and broad applicability of mobile apps, the FDA is issuing this
guidance document to clarify the subset of mobile apps to which the FDA intends to
apply its authority. Many mobile apps are not medical devices, meaning such mobile
apps do not meet the definition of a device by the FDA. therefore, the FDA does not
regulate them.Some mobile apps may meet the definition of a medical device but
because they pose a lower risk to the public, the FDA intends to exercise enforcement
discretion over these devices (meaning it will not enforce requirements under the FD&C
Act). One example is a mobile app that makes a light emitting diode (LED) operate. If
the manufacturer intends the system to illuminate objects generally (i.e., without a
specific medical device intended use), the mobile app would not be considered a
medical device. If, however, through marketing, labeling, and the circumstances
, surrounding the distribution, the mobile app is promoted by the manufacturer for use as
a light source for providers to examine patients, then the intended use of the light
source would be similar to a conventional device such as an ophthalmoscope.
Privacy - answerAccording to Healthit.gov (2014) Protecting Your Health Information,
the privacy and security of patient health information is a top priority for patients and
their families, health care providers and professionals, and the government. This was
also previously discussed under HIPAA. It also requires that "key persons and
organizations that handle health information to have policies and security safeguards in
place to protect your health information whether it is stored on paper or electronically."
An important issue related to personal information, about the owner or about other
individuals, that focuses on sharing this information with others electronically and the
mechanisms that restrict access to this personal information.
Confidentiality - answerThe mandate that all personal information be safeguarded by
ensuring that access is limited to only those who are authorized to view that information.
Consequently, stringent confidentiality laws and more widespread availability and use of
social and mobile media, numerous ethical and legal dilemmas have been posed to all
healthcare workers. What are not well defined are the expectations of healthcare
providers regarding this technology. In some cases, APNs have been subjected to video
and audio recordings by patients and families when procedure is performed. Providers
must be aware of the institutional policy regarding audio/video recording by patients and
families, as well as the state laws governing two-party consent. Such laws require
consent of all parties to any recording or eavesdropping activity
Cybersecurity - answerAnother federal regulatory agency with a role in the privacy and
security of health care data is the (FDA). The FDA oversees the safety of medical
devices, which includes addressing the management of cybersecurity risks and hospital
network security. Recent guidelines issued recommend that medical device
manufacturers and health care facilities take steps to ensure that appropriate
safeguards are in place to reduce the risk of failure caused by cyberattack. This could
be initiated by the introduction of malware into the medical equipment or unauthorized
access to configuration settings in medical devices and hospital networks. As medical
devices are increasingly integrated within health care environments, there will be a need
for vigilance toward cybersecurity practices to ensure all systems are adequately
protected and patients remain safe from harm. Nurse Informaticists are frequently called
on to evaluate safety and effectiveness of new devices and software. Considerations of
cybersecurity must be included in any evaluation process.
Computer-aided translators (CAT tool) - answerComputer Aided Translation (CAT), is a
broad term used to describe software that human translators use during the translation
process to improve their productivity. Most professional translators use CAT tools.
With a CAT tool, translators can work faster, eliminate repetitive translations,
automatically correct mistakes, and achieve higher consistency of translations. Typical
Ethical decision making - answer-Ethical decision making refers to the process of
making informed choices about ethical dilemmas based on a set of standards
differentiating right from wrong.
-The E-Health Code of Ethics (eHealth code, n.d.), which includes eight standards for
the ethical development of health-related Internet sites: (1) candor, (2) honesty, (3)
quality, (4) informed consent, (5) privacy, (6) professionalism, (7) responsible
partnering, and (8) accountability.
-the concept of nonmaleficence ("do no harm") will be broadened to include those
individuals and groups whom one may never see in person, but with whom one will
enter into a professional relationship of trust and care.suggests that both autonomy and
justice are enhanced with universal access to information, but that tensions may be
created in patient-provider relationships as a result of this access to outside information.
Healthcare workers need to realize that they are no longer the sole providers and
gatekeepers of health-related information; ideally, they should embrace information
empowerment and suggest websites to patients that contain reliable, accurate, and
relevant information
Bioethical standards - answerbioethical decision-making model centers on the
healthcare professional's implicit agreement with the patient or client (1) autonomy, (2)
freedom, (3) veracity, (4) privacy, (5) beneficence, and (6) fidelity.
Telehealth - answerTelehealth is still an evolving technology; while the offsite
interventions or contacts often lead to less time being wasted on non-care-oriented
tasks because of the efficiencies offered by the technology applications, its use must
never be associated with less care. It is also important to note that nursing activity in
telehealth still follows the same best practice standards as those espoused in
conventional care.
FDA Oversight for Medical Devices - answerThe FDA intends to apply its regulatory
authorities to select software applications intended for use on mobile platforms. Given
the rapid expansion and broad applicability of mobile apps, the FDA is issuing this
guidance document to clarify the subset of mobile apps to which the FDA intends to
apply its authority. Many mobile apps are not medical devices, meaning such mobile
apps do not meet the definition of a device by the FDA. therefore, the FDA does not
regulate them.Some mobile apps may meet the definition of a medical device but
because they pose a lower risk to the public, the FDA intends to exercise enforcement
discretion over these devices (meaning it will not enforce requirements under the FD&C
Act). One example is a mobile app that makes a light emitting diode (LED) operate. If
the manufacturer intends the system to illuminate objects generally (i.e., without a
specific medical device intended use), the mobile app would not be considered a
medical device. If, however, through marketing, labeling, and the circumstances
, surrounding the distribution, the mobile app is promoted by the manufacturer for use as
a light source for providers to examine patients, then the intended use of the light
source would be similar to a conventional device such as an ophthalmoscope.
Privacy - answerAccording to Healthit.gov (2014) Protecting Your Health Information,
the privacy and security of patient health information is a top priority for patients and
their families, health care providers and professionals, and the government. This was
also previously discussed under HIPAA. It also requires that "key persons and
organizations that handle health information to have policies and security safeguards in
place to protect your health information whether it is stored on paper or electronically."
An important issue related to personal information, about the owner or about other
individuals, that focuses on sharing this information with others electronically and the
mechanisms that restrict access to this personal information.
Confidentiality - answerThe mandate that all personal information be safeguarded by
ensuring that access is limited to only those who are authorized to view that information.
Consequently, stringent confidentiality laws and more widespread availability and use of
social and mobile media, numerous ethical and legal dilemmas have been posed to all
healthcare workers. What are not well defined are the expectations of healthcare
providers regarding this technology. In some cases, APNs have been subjected to video
and audio recordings by patients and families when procedure is performed. Providers
must be aware of the institutional policy regarding audio/video recording by patients and
families, as well as the state laws governing two-party consent. Such laws require
consent of all parties to any recording or eavesdropping activity
Cybersecurity - answerAnother federal regulatory agency with a role in the privacy and
security of health care data is the (FDA). The FDA oversees the safety of medical
devices, which includes addressing the management of cybersecurity risks and hospital
network security. Recent guidelines issued recommend that medical device
manufacturers and health care facilities take steps to ensure that appropriate
safeguards are in place to reduce the risk of failure caused by cyberattack. This could
be initiated by the introduction of malware into the medical equipment or unauthorized
access to configuration settings in medical devices and hospital networks. As medical
devices are increasingly integrated within health care environments, there will be a need
for vigilance toward cybersecurity practices to ensure all systems are adequately
protected and patients remain safe from harm. Nurse Informaticists are frequently called
on to evaluate safety and effectiveness of new devices and software. Considerations of
cybersecurity must be included in any evaluation process.
Computer-aided translators (CAT tool) - answerComputer Aided Translation (CAT), is a
broad term used to describe software that human translators use during the translation
process to improve their productivity. Most professional translators use CAT tools.
With a CAT tool, translators can work faster, eliminate repetitive translations,
automatically correct mistakes, and achieve higher consistency of translations. Typical
