PUBHLTH 200 - Final Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+
Half of all premature deaths are linked to: - Answers Health behaviors
Reasons for practicing unhealthy behvaiors: - Answers Lack of knowledge
Physical environment
Risk perception
Peer pressure/role modeling
Community norms
Policy environment
Addiction/habit
Economic influences
Benefits immediate; costs deferred
Ecological Model - Answers Describes 5 levels of influence that determine health behaviors
Levels of ecological model - Answers intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational/institutional,
community, policy/societal
Intrapersonal level - Answers biological factors, beliefs, knowledge, personal finances, skills,
attitudes, preferences, self-efficacy
Interpersonal level - Answers role modeling, peer pressure, social support, family, partner,
friends
Institutional/organizational level - Answers school, workplace, social groups, religious groups
Community level - Answers community initiatives, neighborhood characteristics, relationships
between organizations, community norms
Societal/public policy level - Answers media, zoning, social norms, laws, enforcement of laws
health outcomes - Answers influenced by interactive characteristics of individuals and
environments
major health behavior risks - Answers tobacco, poor diet, lack of exercise
smoking - Answers responsible for shorter life expectancy, 15% of preventable deaths
Physical activity - Answers improves neurological, endocrine, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular,
oncological function
,acute alcohol deaths - Answers vehicle crashes, poisoning, suicide, fall injury, homicide,
drowning, fire injuries
chronic alcohol deaths - Answers alcohol liver disease, cancer acute pancreatitis, alcohol
dependence, stroke, hypertension
Alcohol use chart - Answers U-shaped - highest among 18-25 year olds
Reduction in motor vehicle injuries - Answers Due to roadway improvements, campaigns
against drunk driving, vehicle safety improvements
sexual risk behavior - Answers linked to health outcomes, disproportionately among young
adults
Strategies for public health change - Answers education, incentives, and laws and policies
tobacco - Answers leading cause of death and injury
poor diet and physical inactivity - Answers second leading cause of death, contributes to obesity,
heart disease, and cancer
Preventable causes of death - Answers tobacco, poor diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, firearms,
sexual behavior, motor vehicles, illicit drugs, toxic/microbial agents
education - Answers informs public about unhealthy/healthy behaviors
most controversial form of education - Answers sexual behavior education
social norms approach - Answers advertise actual norms on campus to prevent people from
thinking their actions are normal
regulatory approach - Answers clearly warranted when it's intent is to restrain people from
harming others; controversy when trying to regulate "mature adults"
Prohibition - Answers Ban on alcohol sale, use, and manufacture in 1919 - caused decreased
alcohol consumption, increased organized crime
socioeconomic status - Answers income, education, occupation status - important predictors of
health
lower ses correlates to - Answers higher mortality rates
what factors influence behavior? - Answers race, ethnicity, gender, marital status, social
environment, SES
psychological factors that influence health - Answers stress, social support, money, education,
family, friends
, stress - Answers due to adverse physical or social conditions associated with lower SES
direct stress - Answers affects physiological processes
indirect stress - Answers influences behavior
health belief model - Answers specifies factors that determine whether a person will change
their behavior when posed with a threat
Aspects of health belief model - Answers 1. Extent to which individuals feel vulnerable to the
threat
2. Percieved severity of the threat
3. Perceived barriers to taking action to reduce the risk
4. Percieved effectiveness of taking action to prevent or minimize the problem
self-efficacy - Answers sense of having control over one's life and choices
learned helplessness - Answers low self-efficacy
perception of a stressful event is determined by: - Answers 1. Knowledge of when an event will
occur
2. Ability to regulate timing/intensity of an event
San Francisco AIDS Program - Answers 1. Belief in personal threat
2. Belief in response efficacy
3. Belief in personal efficacy
4. Belief that new behaviors are consistent with group norms
Disability-adjusted life years - Answers measure of the overall burden of disease, capturing the
number of years lost from poor health, disability, or premature death
Most significant public health issue - Answers smoking
Issue of cigarette smoking - Answers interaction of psychological, social, cultural, economic,
and political factors
Why did cigarette smoking increase? - Answers In 1913 - mass campaigns and distribution of
free cigarettes to soilders
1st disease linked to smoking - Answers lung cancer
1964 US Surgeon General Report - Answers Smoking is linked to lunch cancer, mouth cancer,
Half of all premature deaths are linked to: - Answers Health behaviors
Reasons for practicing unhealthy behvaiors: - Answers Lack of knowledge
Physical environment
Risk perception
Peer pressure/role modeling
Community norms
Policy environment
Addiction/habit
Economic influences
Benefits immediate; costs deferred
Ecological Model - Answers Describes 5 levels of influence that determine health behaviors
Levels of ecological model - Answers intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational/institutional,
community, policy/societal
Intrapersonal level - Answers biological factors, beliefs, knowledge, personal finances, skills,
attitudes, preferences, self-efficacy
Interpersonal level - Answers role modeling, peer pressure, social support, family, partner,
friends
Institutional/organizational level - Answers school, workplace, social groups, religious groups
Community level - Answers community initiatives, neighborhood characteristics, relationships
between organizations, community norms
Societal/public policy level - Answers media, zoning, social norms, laws, enforcement of laws
health outcomes - Answers influenced by interactive characteristics of individuals and
environments
major health behavior risks - Answers tobacco, poor diet, lack of exercise
smoking - Answers responsible for shorter life expectancy, 15% of preventable deaths
Physical activity - Answers improves neurological, endocrine, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular,
oncological function
,acute alcohol deaths - Answers vehicle crashes, poisoning, suicide, fall injury, homicide,
drowning, fire injuries
chronic alcohol deaths - Answers alcohol liver disease, cancer acute pancreatitis, alcohol
dependence, stroke, hypertension
Alcohol use chart - Answers U-shaped - highest among 18-25 year olds
Reduction in motor vehicle injuries - Answers Due to roadway improvements, campaigns
against drunk driving, vehicle safety improvements
sexual risk behavior - Answers linked to health outcomes, disproportionately among young
adults
Strategies for public health change - Answers education, incentives, and laws and policies
tobacco - Answers leading cause of death and injury
poor diet and physical inactivity - Answers second leading cause of death, contributes to obesity,
heart disease, and cancer
Preventable causes of death - Answers tobacco, poor diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, firearms,
sexual behavior, motor vehicles, illicit drugs, toxic/microbial agents
education - Answers informs public about unhealthy/healthy behaviors
most controversial form of education - Answers sexual behavior education
social norms approach - Answers advertise actual norms on campus to prevent people from
thinking their actions are normal
regulatory approach - Answers clearly warranted when it's intent is to restrain people from
harming others; controversy when trying to regulate "mature adults"
Prohibition - Answers Ban on alcohol sale, use, and manufacture in 1919 - caused decreased
alcohol consumption, increased organized crime
socioeconomic status - Answers income, education, occupation status - important predictors of
health
lower ses correlates to - Answers higher mortality rates
what factors influence behavior? - Answers race, ethnicity, gender, marital status, social
environment, SES
psychological factors that influence health - Answers stress, social support, money, education,
family, friends
, stress - Answers due to adverse physical or social conditions associated with lower SES
direct stress - Answers affects physiological processes
indirect stress - Answers influences behavior
health belief model - Answers specifies factors that determine whether a person will change
their behavior when posed with a threat
Aspects of health belief model - Answers 1. Extent to which individuals feel vulnerable to the
threat
2. Percieved severity of the threat
3. Perceived barriers to taking action to reduce the risk
4. Percieved effectiveness of taking action to prevent or minimize the problem
self-efficacy - Answers sense of having control over one's life and choices
learned helplessness - Answers low self-efficacy
perception of a stressful event is determined by: - Answers 1. Knowledge of when an event will
occur
2. Ability to regulate timing/intensity of an event
San Francisco AIDS Program - Answers 1. Belief in personal threat
2. Belief in response efficacy
3. Belief in personal efficacy
4. Belief that new behaviors are consistent with group norms
Disability-adjusted life years - Answers measure of the overall burden of disease, capturing the
number of years lost from poor health, disability, or premature death
Most significant public health issue - Answers smoking
Issue of cigarette smoking - Answers interaction of psychological, social, cultural, economic,
and political factors
Why did cigarette smoking increase? - Answers In 1913 - mass campaigns and distribution of
free cigarettes to soilders
1st disease linked to smoking - Answers lung cancer
1964 US Surgeon General Report - Answers Smoking is linked to lunch cancer, mouth cancer,
