BIO 440 Final Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+
formation of the neural tube, induced by the notochord - Answers neurulation
begins week 3 - Answers when does neurulation start?
Somites 1-4, becomes the brain - Answers cranial end of neural tube
Somites 5-?, becomes the spinal cord - Answers caudal end of neural tube
1. crests enlarge + groove deepens
2. R/L folds fuse at midline (somite 4-6) to form neural tube
3. fusion continues to cranial and caudal ends - "ziploc"
4. neural crest cells pinch on side - future ganglia
5. rostral neuropore closes at 25d, caudal neuropore closes at 27d - Answers neurulation
process
1. thicken of lateral walls of neural tube
2. neuroepithelium develops to form the ventricular zone
3. more zones develop (marginal & intermediate zones) - Answers development of spinal cord
ventricular, intermediate, and marginal - Answers three zones of spinal cord
inner, becomes neurons and microglial cells in the spinal cord - Answers ventricular zone
becomes neuroblasts and glioblasts (oligodendrocytes & astrocytes) - Answers intermediate
zone
becomes white matter, spinal ganglia, spinal cord - Answers marginal zone
separates neural tube into basal and alar plates - Answers sulcus limitans
motor neurons and ventral/lateral horn - Answers basal plate
sensory neurons and dorsal horn - Answers alar plate
1. neural crest cells become bipolar
2. become pseudounipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglia
3. axons grow - Answers development of spinal ganglia (dorsal root)
1. develop from mesenchyme surrounding neural tube
, 2. thicker becomes dura mater
3. thinner becomes pia and arachnoid mater
4. arachnoid trabeculae connect arachnoid to pia - Answers development of spinal meninges
week 5 - Answers when is cerebrospinal fluid made?
spinal cord ends at vertebral canal - Answers position of spinal cord at week 8
spinal cord ends at S1 vertebra - Answers position of spinal cord at 6 months
spinal cord ends at L2-L3 vertebrae - Answers position of spinal cord at birth
spinal cord ends at L1-L2 vertebrae - Answers position of spinal cord at adulthood
vertebral column, dura, and arachnoid mater grow in length faster than the spinal cord -
Answers spinal structures growth
conus medullaris, filum terminale, cauda equina - Answers lower spinal cord structures
tapered end of spinal cord - Answers conus medullaris
anchors spinal cord to coccyx - Answers filum terminale
collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord - Answers cauda equina
failure of bony arches to fuse, small tuft of hair in lumbosacral region, no clinical significance -
Answers spina bifida occulta
meninges and spinal cord protruding through the absent vertebral arch and having the
appearance of a cyst - Answers spina bifida cystica
external protruding sac contains meninges and CSF - Answers spina bifida cystica with
meningocele
external protruding sac contains meninges, CSF, and spinal cord & nerves - Answers spina bifida
cystica with meningomyelocele
loss of skin sensation, muscle paralysis, sphincter paralysis - Answers complications with spina
bifida cystica
1/1000 birth defects - Answers occurrence of spina bifida cystica
three primary brain vesicles: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon - Answers
development of brain (4th week)
five secondary brain vesicles: telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon,
myeloencephalon - Answers development of brain (5th week)
formation of the neural tube, induced by the notochord - Answers neurulation
begins week 3 - Answers when does neurulation start?
Somites 1-4, becomes the brain - Answers cranial end of neural tube
Somites 5-?, becomes the spinal cord - Answers caudal end of neural tube
1. crests enlarge + groove deepens
2. R/L folds fuse at midline (somite 4-6) to form neural tube
3. fusion continues to cranial and caudal ends - "ziploc"
4. neural crest cells pinch on side - future ganglia
5. rostral neuropore closes at 25d, caudal neuropore closes at 27d - Answers neurulation
process
1. thicken of lateral walls of neural tube
2. neuroepithelium develops to form the ventricular zone
3. more zones develop (marginal & intermediate zones) - Answers development of spinal cord
ventricular, intermediate, and marginal - Answers three zones of spinal cord
inner, becomes neurons and microglial cells in the spinal cord - Answers ventricular zone
becomes neuroblasts and glioblasts (oligodendrocytes & astrocytes) - Answers intermediate
zone
becomes white matter, spinal ganglia, spinal cord - Answers marginal zone
separates neural tube into basal and alar plates - Answers sulcus limitans
motor neurons and ventral/lateral horn - Answers basal plate
sensory neurons and dorsal horn - Answers alar plate
1. neural crest cells become bipolar
2. become pseudounipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglia
3. axons grow - Answers development of spinal ganglia (dorsal root)
1. develop from mesenchyme surrounding neural tube
, 2. thicker becomes dura mater
3. thinner becomes pia and arachnoid mater
4. arachnoid trabeculae connect arachnoid to pia - Answers development of spinal meninges
week 5 - Answers when is cerebrospinal fluid made?
spinal cord ends at vertebral canal - Answers position of spinal cord at week 8
spinal cord ends at S1 vertebra - Answers position of spinal cord at 6 months
spinal cord ends at L2-L3 vertebrae - Answers position of spinal cord at birth
spinal cord ends at L1-L2 vertebrae - Answers position of spinal cord at adulthood
vertebral column, dura, and arachnoid mater grow in length faster than the spinal cord -
Answers spinal structures growth
conus medullaris, filum terminale, cauda equina - Answers lower spinal cord structures
tapered end of spinal cord - Answers conus medullaris
anchors spinal cord to coccyx - Answers filum terminale
collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord - Answers cauda equina
failure of bony arches to fuse, small tuft of hair in lumbosacral region, no clinical significance -
Answers spina bifida occulta
meninges and spinal cord protruding through the absent vertebral arch and having the
appearance of a cyst - Answers spina bifida cystica
external protruding sac contains meninges and CSF - Answers spina bifida cystica with
meningocele
external protruding sac contains meninges, CSF, and spinal cord & nerves - Answers spina bifida
cystica with meningomyelocele
loss of skin sensation, muscle paralysis, sphincter paralysis - Answers complications with spina
bifida cystica
1/1000 birth defects - Answers occurrence of spina bifida cystica
three primary brain vesicles: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon - Answers
development of brain (4th week)
five secondary brain vesicles: telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon,
myeloencephalon - Answers development of brain (5th week)
