UMaine PSY 245 Exam 3 Terms --
Chapters 8, 9, & 10 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
bivariate correlation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅an association that involves exactly two
variables
effect size - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the magnitude, or strength, of a relationship
between two or more variables
replication - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the process of conducting a study again to test
whether the result is consistent
outlier - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a score than stands out as either much higher or much
lower than most of the other scores in a sample
restriction of range - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a bivariate correlation, the absence of a
full range of possible scores on one of the variables, so the relationship from the sample
underestimates the true correlation
curvilinear association - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅an association between two variables
which is not a straight line; instead, as one variable increases, the level of the other variable
increases and then decreases (or vice versa)
directionality problem - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a correlational study, the occurrence
of both variables being measured around the same time , making it unclear which variable in
the association came first
third-variable problem - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a correlational study, the existence of
a plausible alternative explanation for the association between two variables
spurious association - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a bivariate association that is attributable
only to systematic mean differences on subgroups within the sample; the original association
is not present within the subgroups
, moderator - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a variable, that, depending on its level, changes the
relationship between two other variables
statistically significant - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in NHST, the conclusion assigned when
p <.05; that is, when it is unlikely the result came from the null-hypothesis population
multivariate design - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a study designed to test an association
involving more than two measured variables
longitudinal design - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a study in which the same variables are
measured in the same people at different points in time
cross-sectional correlation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a longitudinal design, a
correlation between two variables that are measured at the same time
autocorrelation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a longitudinal design, the correlation of one
variable with itself, measured at two different times
cross-lag correlation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a longitudinal design, a correlation
between an earlier measure of one variable and a later measure of another variable
multiple regression - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a statistical technique that computes the
relationship between a predictor variable and a criterion variable, controlling for other
predictor variables
control for - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅holding a potential third variable at a constant level
(statistically or experimentally) while investigating the association between two other
variables
criterion variable - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the variable in a multiple-regression analysis
that the researchers are most interested in understanding or predicting (also called dependent
variable)
Chapters 8, 9, & 10 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
bivariate correlation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅an association that involves exactly two
variables
effect size - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the magnitude, or strength, of a relationship
between two or more variables
replication - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the process of conducting a study again to test
whether the result is consistent
outlier - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a score than stands out as either much higher or much
lower than most of the other scores in a sample
restriction of range - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a bivariate correlation, the absence of a
full range of possible scores on one of the variables, so the relationship from the sample
underestimates the true correlation
curvilinear association - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅an association between two variables
which is not a straight line; instead, as one variable increases, the level of the other variable
increases and then decreases (or vice versa)
directionality problem - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a correlational study, the occurrence
of both variables being measured around the same time , making it unclear which variable in
the association came first
third-variable problem - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a correlational study, the existence of
a plausible alternative explanation for the association between two variables
spurious association - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a bivariate association that is attributable
only to systematic mean differences on subgroups within the sample; the original association
is not present within the subgroups
, moderator - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a variable, that, depending on its level, changes the
relationship between two other variables
statistically significant - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in NHST, the conclusion assigned when
p <.05; that is, when it is unlikely the result came from the null-hypothesis population
multivariate design - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a study designed to test an association
involving more than two measured variables
longitudinal design - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a study in which the same variables are
measured in the same people at different points in time
cross-sectional correlation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a longitudinal design, a
correlation between two variables that are measured at the same time
autocorrelation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a longitudinal design, the correlation of one
variable with itself, measured at two different times
cross-lag correlation - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅in a longitudinal design, a correlation
between an earlier measure of one variable and a later measure of another variable
multiple regression - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅a statistical technique that computes the
relationship between a predictor variable and a criterion variable, controlling for other
predictor variables
control for - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅holding a potential third variable at a constant level
(statistically or experimentally) while investigating the association between two other
variables
criterion variable - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅the variable in a multiple-regression analysis
that the researchers are most interested in understanding or predicting (also called dependent
variable)
