MIDTERM PRACTICE NR507 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

MIDTERM PRACTICE NR507 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 1. What is the primary antibody involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions Correct Answer IgE antibodies 2. What cells are sensitized during Type I hypersensitivity Correct Answer Mast cells and basophils 3. What are the clinical manifestations of Type I hypersensitivity Correct Answer Vasodilation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, and increased mucus production. 4. What characterizes Type II hypersensitivity reactions Correct Answer The immune system's assault on cells displaying modified self antigens, mediated by autoantibodies. 5. What precautions are essential to prevent cytotoxic reactions in Type II hypersensitivity Correct Answer Blood typing and cross-matching during procedures like hemolytic transfusions. 6. What occurs in Type III hypersensitivity reactions Correct Answer Antibodies bind to soluble antigens, forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues and activate the complement system. 7. What are common complications associated with Type III hypersensitivity? Correct Answer Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, serum sickness, and Raynaud phenomenon. 8. What type of cells are primarily involved in Type III hypersensitivity Correct Answer Neutrophils. 9. What is the mechanism of Type IV hypersensitivity reactions Correct Answer Mediated by T lymphocytes and macrophages, leading to localized epidermal reactions. 10. How long after exposure do Type IV hypersensitivity reactions typically become apparent Correct Answer Days after exposure. 11. What can occur if T cells and macrophages cannot eliminate the antigen in Type IV hypersensitivity Correct Answer They may form a granuloma to isolate the antigen. 12. Which autoimmune diseases are associated with Type IV hypersensitivity? Correct Answer Rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. 13. What type of virus is HIV Correct Answer An RNA retrovirus. 14. What cells does HIV primarily target in the immune system Correct Answer CD4+ T cells. 15. What enzyme does HIV use to convert its RNA into DNA Correct Answer Reverse transcriptase. 16. What is the purpose of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV treatment Correct Answer To suppress the virus's replication and help restore immune function. 17. How can cancer induce immunodeficiency Correct Answer By chronic inflammation that suppresses the adaptive immune system and alters the local environment. 18. What are some effects of advanced cancer on the immune response Correct Answer Creates acidic conditions and releases metabolites that inhibit immune cell function. 19. What is a hallmark of Type I hypersensitivity reactions Correct Answer Rapid release of proinflammatory mediators upon subsequent exposure to the allergen. 20. What is the role of immune complexes in Type III hypersensitivity Correct Answer They circulate and deposit in tissues, leading to tissue damage through inflammatory processes. 21. What is a granuloma Correct Answer A collection of immune cells formed to isolate an antigen when it cannot be eliminated. 22. What is the significance of blood typing in Type II hypersensitivity Correct Answer It prevents immune system attacks on transfused blood cells. 23. What is the main immune response mechanism in Type IV hypersensitivity Correct Answer : Localized reactions involving T lymphocytes and macrophages. 24. What are some cancer treatments that have immunosuppressive effects? Correct Answer Corticosteroids, antirejection medications, chemotherapy, and radiation. 25. What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Correct Answer An autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, affecting multiple organ systems. 26. What is the role of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus Correct Answer Autoanti- bodies, especially antinuclear antibodies (ANA), form immune complexes with self-antigens, causing inflammation and tissue damage. 27. What are some characteristic symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus Correct Answer : Joint pain, rash, and kidney involvement.