NR 507 – CARDIAC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 507 – CARDIAC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 1. Athersclerosis - Patho Correct Answer disease that obstructs oxygenated blood supply and altering myocardial cell metabolism and nutrient uptake 2. Coronary Artery Disease - patho (5) Correct Answer 1. atherosclerotic changes (high cholesterol and unhealthy diet) 2. endothelial dysfunction causing inflammation 3. Macrophage attach and phagocytize 4. fatty streak formation 5. stable plaque formation 3. HDL Correct Answer Good helps remove excess cholesterol from the body through the liver via catabolism and excretion 4. LDL Correct Answer Bad 2 / 12 leads to plaque formation 5. Function of cholesterol (3) Correct Answer create cell membrane produce hormones (estrogen and testosterone) synthesize vitamin D 6. CAD - Modifiable Risk Factors (6) Correct Answer Diabetes, obesity, elevated cholesterol, HTN, stress, smoking 7. CAD - Nonmodifiable Risk Factors Correct Answer Hereditary, menopause, ethnicity, age, gender, familial hypercholesterolemia 8. Familial Hypercholesterolemia - Clinical manifestations (3) Correct Answer LDL 190 swollen/painful Achilles bumps around knuckles, elbows, or knees 9. CAD - clinical manifestations Correct Answer Signs of poor perfusion + palpitations, nausea, indigestion, pain (epigastric, neck, back, shoulder), diaphoresis 10. CAD - Diagnosis (2) 3 / 12 Correct Answer Definitive: cardiac catheterization (imaging and intravascular pressure) and exercise stress test 11. CAD - Treatment Correct Answer Statins (high intensity: atorvastatin/rosuvastatin; low-mid: simvastatin), aspirin, betablockers, calcium channel blockers, ACEs, ARBs, nitrates 12. Cholesterol levels - Optimal range Correct Answer Cholesterol 200 - 239 Triglycerides 150 - 199 LDL 100-159 HDL 40-60 13. Dyslipidemia - Causes Correct Answer Primary: genetics Secondary: DM, hypothyroidism, pancreatitis, renal nephrosis, medications (antiretrovirals, glucocorticoids, diuretics, interferon) 14. Left sided HF - patho: left ventricle walls weaken and become thin, leading to increased pressure in left atrium and pulmonary veins leading to pulmonary edema 15. Pulmonary edema - clinical manifestations 4 / 12 Correct Answer ShOB, orthopnea, palpitations, cyanosis, clammy skin, abnormal breath sounds, fatigue 16. HFrEF Correct Answer systolic heart failure EF 40 decreased cardiac output and inadequate tissue perfusion 17. HFpEF Correct Answer diastolic HF EF 50 normal stroke volume and cardiac output; poor left ventricular function leads to abnormal diastolic relaxation and pulmonary congestion 18. Right sided heart failure - patho Correct Answer right ventricle fails to effectively pump blood to lungs, leading to increased pressure in R atrium and systemic venous circulation 19. Systolic Heart Failure - Characteristics Correct Answer HFrEF increase left ventricle chamber size possible L ventricular hypertrophy on ECG Pulmonary congestion WITH cardiomegaly S3 murmur 5 / 12 increased incidence in males 20. Diastolic Heart Failure - Characteristics Correct Answer HFpEF decreased left ventricle chamber size probable L ventricular hypertrophy on ECG Pulmondary congestion WITHOUT cardiomegaly S4 murmur increased incidence in females 21. Heart Failure - Compensatory mechanisms (3) Correct Answer 1. activation of sympathetic nervous system receptors (increase HR and contraction strength) 2. Increase preload and amount of ventricular stretch (RAAS activated) 3. Increase muscle mass (increase fill capacity and force of contraction) 22. Heart Failure - Effects of Compensatory mechanisms on Cardiac system (8) Correct Answer increase HR, stroke volume; murmur; heart failure; capillary dilation; increase O2 demands of heart; angina; increase erythropoietin 23. Heart failure - effects of compensatory mechanisms on Respiratory system 6 / 12 (3) Correct Answer tachypnea, increased depth, increased O2 released from Hgb