CHAMBERLAIN NR507 MIDTERM EXAM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

CHAMBERLAIN NR507 MIDTERM EXAM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 1. Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction Correct Answer "Allergic reaction" - Mediated by IgE. - Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation. - Hay fever, hives (uticaria). - Local s/s: itching, rash. - Systemic: wheezing. - Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction. - Main tx: epinephrine. 2. Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction Correct Answer Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific - Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved - Causes tissue damage or alters function - Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't destroy thyroid tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue damage; severe transfusion reaction 2 / 17 occurs & the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis. 3. Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions Correct Answer Type 2: organ specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface. - Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues. 4. Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction Correct Answer Immune complex - Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues - Neutrophils are the primary effector cell - Causes autoimmune diseases - Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, organs) 5. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Correct Answer Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash) - Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling) - Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure) - Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers - Hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia) - Immunologic disorders 3 / 17 - Non-erosive arthritis of at least two peripheral joints - Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis) - Renal disorder - Neurologic disorders (seizures, psychosis) - Presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA) 6. Autoimmunity Correct Answer Can be familial: Affected family members may not all develop the same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions (autoimmune and allergic reactions). 7. Alloimmunity Correct Answer General term used to describe when an individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species. - Examples: Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, Transplant rejection, Transfusion reaction. 8. Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction Correct Answer T-cell mediated - Lymphocytes - Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes - Delayed response 4 / 17 - Ex: localized contact dermatitis. Treated with a topical corticosteroid (wouldn't use antihistamine since Type 4 doesn't involve mast cells and H1 receptors). 9. Differentiating between the rash of a Type 1 vs Type 4 Reaction Correct Answer Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually characterized by widely distributed lesions. - Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the site of contact with the allergen. The key determinant is the timing of the rash: -Type 1 = Immediate -Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex- poison ivy 10. Primary Immunodeficiency Correct Answer Most are the result of single gene defects. - Occurs d/t immune system development defect. - Antibody deficiencies, B- and T-cell deficiencies, phagocytic cell defects, complement deficiency - Ex: chronic granulomatous disease, familial Mediterranean fever, common variable immunodeficiency 11. Secondary Immunodeficiency Correct Answer 5 / 17 Complication of some other physiologic condition or disease. - Malnutrition is one of the most common causes worldwide. - Cancer, drugs, chemotherapeutic agent