NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 1. Asthma Correct Answer Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles 2. What are 5 s/s of asthma Correct Answer coughing wheezing shortness of breath rapid breathing chest tightness 3. Pathophysiology of asthma (5) Correct Answer airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm -excess mucus production and accumulation -hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle -airflow obstruction -decreased alveolar ventilation 4. Bronchioles Correct Answer smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli 5. 3 layers of the bronchioles Correct Answer innermost layer middle layer - lamina propria outermost layer 6. lamina propria Correct Answer the middle layer of the bronchioles 7. structure of the lamina propria Correct Answer embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells 8. purpose of the lamina propria Correct Answer white blood cells are present to help protect the airways 9. How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma Correct Answer the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue 10. What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain Correct Answer columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells 11. What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain Correct Answer smooth muscle cells 12. what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do Correct Answer control the airways ability to constrict and dilate 13. alveolar hyperinflation Correct Answer When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside 14. how does hyperinflation occur Correct Answer the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around 15. Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar Correct Answer expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2) - respiratory acidosis 16. What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma Correct Answer tiotropium and ipratropium 17. What do anticholinergics do in the lungs Correct Answer These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system - increasing bronchodilation 18. MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma Correct Answer the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow - blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial constriction 19. bronchitis Correct Answer inflammation of the bronchial tubes 20. 3 characteristics of bronchitis Correct Answer bronchial inflammation hypersecretion of mucus chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years 21. Perfusion Correct Answer The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries. 22. results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion Correct Answer cyanosis right to left shunting chronic hypoxemia 23. Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis Correct Answer there is hypoxia due to unfavorable conditions for gas exchange 24. Right to left shunting Correct Answer when blood passes from the right ventricle through the lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion 25. Causes of bronchitis Correct Answer long term exposure to environmental irritants -repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy) -Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth) 26. Pathogenesis of bronchitis Correct Answer Exposure to airborne irritants