NR 507 ACUTE RENAL FAILURE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 507 ACUTE RENAL FAILURE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 1. Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Correct Answer Acute renal failure (ARF) involves a sudden loss of kidney function. The individual will experience: -Oliguria ( 30ml/hr). -Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. -Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. ARF is organ failure which means that the kidney is no longer functional. The pathogenesis of ARF is divided into three categories (pre renal, intrinsic, and post-renal). Each category has its own area within the kidney that malfunctions. 2. Pre-Renal Correct Answer A sudden and severe drop in blood pressure (shock) or interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from severe injury or illness **most common cause of acute renal failure (ARF) & can eventually lead to intrinsic renal failure. 2 / 9 Damage occurs before the kidney due to reduced blood flow as a result of volume depletion: -Taking too many diuretics) -Polyuria as in the case of diabetes, -Vomiting and diarrhea -Skin loss of fluid in the case of a burn patient -Hemorrhage -Hypoperfusion: decreased cardiac output due to heart term 4failure, myocardial infarction, or atherosclerosis. -Edema with third-spacing in heart failure, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome results in hypoperfusion. 3. Pre Renal Correct Answer Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system will cause increased sodium and water reabsorption. Aldosterone acts on the distal tubule to take up more sodium and water to maintain pressure. Let's think a moment of the impact of pre renal failure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on specific solutes. Creatinine: Creatinine is one of the markers for GFR. If it is elevated, it points to a decreased GFR. In the normal kidney, creatinine gets freely filtered from the glomerulus into the kidney tubules. Once in the tubules, it flows freely and is eliminated upon urination. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): The BUN is a bit different from creatinine in terms of what happens to it after filtering from the glomerulus to the kidney tubules. It gets freely filtered into the tubules from the glomerulus. But, unlike creatinine, it gets