PSYC 2001 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
experimental |research |design
a |research |strategy |that |attempts |to |establish |the |existence |of |a |cause |and |effect |relationship |
between |two |variables |by |manipulating |one |variable |while |measuring |the |second |variable |and
|controlling |all |other |variables.
manipulated |variable
a |variable |that |is |controlled |such |as |when |the |researcher |assigns |participants |to |a |particular |
level |(value) |of |the |variable
independent |variable
variable |that |is |manipulated
dependent |variable
The |outcome |factor; |the |variable |that |may |change |in |response |to |manipulations |of |the |
independent |variable.
random |assignment
A |procedure |in |which |a |random |process |is |used |to |assign |participants |to |treatment |conditions
matching
The |assignment |of |individuals |to |groups |so |that |a |specific |variable |is |balanced |or |matched |
across |the |groups
statistical |control
It |is |possible |to |mathematically |remove |the |contribution |of |a |variable |(see |diagram |in |bivariate
|correlation |lecture |for |more |info)
pretest-posttest |design
, An |experiment |using |an |independent-groups |design |in |which |participants |are |tested |on |the |
key |dependent |variable |twice: |once |before |and |once |after |exposure |to |the |independent |
variable.
within |groups |design
an |experimental |design |in |which |each |participant |is |presented |with |all |levels |of |the |
independent |variable
advantages |of |within |groups |design
need |fewer |participants, |eliminates |problems |of |individual |differences
disadvantages |of |within |groups |design
order-related |factors |may |influence |scores, |experiencing |both |levels |of |the |IV |might |change |
participant |behavior
design |confound
an |experimenter's |mistake |in |designing |the |IV
selection |effects
participants |in |one |level |of |the |IV |are |systematically |different |from |participants |in |other |levels
solution |to |selection |effects
random |assignment |to |ensure |no |systematic |difference |between |groups
order |effects
being |exposed |to |one |condition |changes |how |participants |react |to |the |other |condition
practice |effects
participants |get |better |or |bored/tired
carryover |effects
contamination |carries |over |from |one |condition |to |the |next
Counterbalancing
presenting |levels |of |the |IV |to |participants |in |different |sequences
what |is |the |goal |of |counterbalancing
use |every |possible |order |of |treatments |with |an |equal |number |of |individuals |participating |in |
each |sequence
Correct Answers
experimental |research |design
a |research |strategy |that |attempts |to |establish |the |existence |of |a |cause |and |effect |relationship |
between |two |variables |by |manipulating |one |variable |while |measuring |the |second |variable |and
|controlling |all |other |variables.
manipulated |variable
a |variable |that |is |controlled |such |as |when |the |researcher |assigns |participants |to |a |particular |
level |(value) |of |the |variable
independent |variable
variable |that |is |manipulated
dependent |variable
The |outcome |factor; |the |variable |that |may |change |in |response |to |manipulations |of |the |
independent |variable.
random |assignment
A |procedure |in |which |a |random |process |is |used |to |assign |participants |to |treatment |conditions
matching
The |assignment |of |individuals |to |groups |so |that |a |specific |variable |is |balanced |or |matched |
across |the |groups
statistical |control
It |is |possible |to |mathematically |remove |the |contribution |of |a |variable |(see |diagram |in |bivariate
|correlation |lecture |for |more |info)
pretest-posttest |design
, An |experiment |using |an |independent-groups |design |in |which |participants |are |tested |on |the |
key |dependent |variable |twice: |once |before |and |once |after |exposure |to |the |independent |
variable.
within |groups |design
an |experimental |design |in |which |each |participant |is |presented |with |all |levels |of |the |
independent |variable
advantages |of |within |groups |design
need |fewer |participants, |eliminates |problems |of |individual |differences
disadvantages |of |within |groups |design
order-related |factors |may |influence |scores, |experiencing |both |levels |of |the |IV |might |change |
participant |behavior
design |confound
an |experimenter's |mistake |in |designing |the |IV
selection |effects
participants |in |one |level |of |the |IV |are |systematically |different |from |participants |in |other |levels
solution |to |selection |effects
random |assignment |to |ensure |no |systematic |difference |between |groups
order |effects
being |exposed |to |one |condition |changes |how |participants |react |to |the |other |condition
practice |effects
participants |get |better |or |bored/tired
carryover |effects
contamination |carries |over |from |one |condition |to |the |next
Counterbalancing
presenting |levels |of |the |IV |to |participants |in |different |sequences
what |is |the |goal |of |counterbalancing
use |every |possible |order |of |treatments |with |an |equal |number |of |individuals |participating |in |
each |sequence
