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1. What is the most time-sensitive treatment for acute ischemic stroke?
Answer: Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase (tPA)
2. What is the therapeutic window for IV tPA in most ischemic stroke patients?
Answer: Within 4.5 hours of symptom onset
3. What is the purpose of mechanical thrombectomy?
Answer: To remove large vessel occlusions and restore perfusion
4. What is the recommended time window for endovascular thrombectomy?
Answer: Up to 24 hours in selected patients (based on imaging criteria)
5. What imaging is used to identify viable brain tissue for thrombectomy?
Answer: CT perfusion or MRI diffusion-perfusion mismatch
6. What is the target blood pressure before tPA administration?
Answer: Below 185/110 mm Hg
7. What class of medications is used for secondary prevention in cardioembolic
stroke?
Answer: Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, DOACs)
8. What antiplatelet therapy is commonly used for non-cardioembolic stroke
prevention?
Answer: Aspirin or dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin + clopidogrel short-term)
9. What lifestyle modification is most strongly recommended post-stroke?
Answer: Blood pressure control and smoking cessation
, 10. When should statin therapy be initiated after ischemic stroke?
Answer: As soon as possible unless contraindicated
11. What does the TOAST classification categorize?
Answer: Subtypes of ischemic stroke (e.g., cardioembolic, small-vessel, large-
artery)
12. What diagnostic test identifies atrial fibrillation as a stroke source?
Answer: Continuous cardiac monitoring or Holter ECG
13. What imaging identifies carotid artery stenosis?
Answer: Carotid duplex ultrasound or CTA
14. What lab test helps assess hypercoagulable states?
Answer: D-dimer, antiphospholipid antibodies, or protein C/S levels
15. What is the most common cause of embolic stroke in older adults?
Answer: Atrial fibrillation
16. What is the most common complication of stroke-related immobility?
Answer: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
17. What prophylaxis is recommended to prevent DVT in immobile stroke
patients?
Answer: Intermittent pneumatic compression or heparin prophylaxis
18. What is the recommended glucose target range for acute stroke patients?
Answer: 140–180 mg/dL
19. What is the risk of permissive hypertension in early ischemic stroke?
Answer: Worsening cerebral edema or hemorrhagic transformation
20. What is the rationale for permissive hypertension before reperfusion therapy?
Answer: To maintain cerebral perfusion to the ischemic penumbra
21. What type of injury commonly leads to neurogenic shock?
Answer: Spinal cord injury above T6