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NUR 529 Exam 3 Exam with
complete solutions latest version
What percentage of erythropoietin is produced by the kidney? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Approximately 90%
What percentage of erythropoietin is produced by the liver and other organs? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Approximately 10%
How does kidney dysfunction affect red blood cell development? - CORRECT
ANSWER-It impacts RBC development and availability.
What deficiencies may contribute to anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD)? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Vitamin B12, iron, and folate deficiencies.
What is the hemoglobin level that defines chronic anemia in adult males? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Less than 13.0 g/dL
What is the hemoglobin level that defines chronic anemia in adult females? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Less than 12 g/dL
What is the most profound hematologic alteration that accompanies chronic kidney
disease (CKD)? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic anemia
What is the association between GFR decline and hematocrit in advanced CKD in
African Americans? - CORRECT ANSWER-Research shows an association between
GFR decline and the decline in hematocrit.
What do NKF guidelines recommend for individuals with a GFR less than 60
mL/min/1.73 m2? - CORRECT ANSWER-They should be evaluated for anemia.
What measures are included in the assessment for anemia in CKD? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Measures of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and iron stores.
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What are some factors contributing to anemia in CKD? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic
blood loss, hemolysis, bone marrow suppression, and decreased red cell production.
Why is erythropoietin production usually insufficient in kidney failure? - CORRECT
ANSWER-It is insufficient to stimulate adequate red blood cell production by the bone
marrow.
What are some causes of iron deficiency in people with CKD? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Anorexia, dietary restrictions, and blood loss during dialysis.
What is the major metabolic function of colonic microorganisms? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The fermentation of undigestible dietary residue and endogenous mucus.
What is a major source of energy in the colon? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fermentation of
nondigestible carbohydrates, including resistant starches, cellulose, pectins, and
unabsorbed sugars.
What role do colonic microorganisms play in vitamin synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-
They synthesize vitamin K.
Why do newborn infants not synthesize adequate amounts of vitamin K initially? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Because the normal colonic bacterial flora has not yet become
established.
What protective role does the resident gut flora provide? - CORRECT ANSWER-It
provides a crucial line of resistance to colonization by exogenous microbes.
What can disrupt the microbial balance in the gut? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
What is the role of probiotics? - CORRECT ANSWER-They are live microorganisms
that can modify the composition of enteric flora when ingested.
What are some commonly used probiotics? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lactobacilli,
bifidobacteria, and nonpathogenic Escherichia coli.
In which disease have probiotics shown value in maintaining remission? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Ulcerative colitis.
What can people with aspirin-related gastritis be unaware of? - CORRECT ANSWER-
They can be totally unaware of the condition or may complain only of heartburn or sour
stomach.
What symptoms are associated with gastritis from excessive alcohol consumption? -
CORRECT ANSWER-It often causes transient gastric distress, which may lead to
vomiting and, in more severe situations, to bleeding and hematemesis.
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What is the onset time for gastritis caused by staphylococcal enterotoxins? - CORRECT
ANSWER-It usually has an abrupt and violent onset, with gastric distress and vomiting
occurring approximately 5 hours after ingestion of contaminated food.
Is acute gastritis a self-limiting disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER-Yes, acute gastritis is
usually a self-limiting disorder, with complete regeneration and healing occurring within
several days of removal of the inciting agent.
What is the primary treatment for celiac disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-Removal of
gluten and related proteins from the diet.
What grains contain gluten? - CORRECT ANSWER-Wheat, barley, and rye.
Can oat products be safe for people with celiac disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-Oat
products are nontoxic but may be contaminated with wheat during processing.
What types of products are available for those on a gluten-free diet? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Many gluten-free types of bread, cereals, cookies, and other products.
Which food groups are generally free of gluten? - CORRECT ANSWER-Meats,
vegetables, fruits, and dairy products.
What is the result of complete exclusion of dietary gluten for celiac disease patients? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Rapid and complete healing of the intestinal mucosa.
What is the major cause of prehepatic jaundice? - CORRECT ANSWER-Excessive
hemolysis of red blood cells.
What occurs during hemolytic jaundice? - CORRECT ANSWER-Red blood cells are
destroyed at a rate exceeding the liver's ability to remove bilirubin from the blood.
What can cause hemolytic jaundice following a blood transfusion? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The decreased lifespan of the donated red blood cells.
What is hereditary spherocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition where red cell
membranes are defective, leading to hemolytic jaundice.
What is hemolytic disease of the newborn? - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition that can
lead to excessive bilirubin production in newborns.
How can internal hemorrhage affect bilirubin levels? - CORRECT ANSWER-It can lead
to excess bilirubin production with the reabsorption of blood.
What is ineffective erythropoiesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition that can increase
bilirubin production.
BRAINSCAPE1
NUR 529 Exam 3 Exam with
complete solutions latest version
What percentage of erythropoietin is produced by the kidney? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Approximately 90%
What percentage of erythropoietin is produced by the liver and other organs? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Approximately 10%
How does kidney dysfunction affect red blood cell development? - CORRECT
ANSWER-It impacts RBC development and availability.
What deficiencies may contribute to anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD)? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Vitamin B12, iron, and folate deficiencies.
What is the hemoglobin level that defines chronic anemia in adult males? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Less than 13.0 g/dL
What is the hemoglobin level that defines chronic anemia in adult females? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Less than 12 g/dL
What is the most profound hematologic alteration that accompanies chronic kidney
disease (CKD)? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic anemia
What is the association between GFR decline and hematocrit in advanced CKD in
African Americans? - CORRECT ANSWER-Research shows an association between
GFR decline and the decline in hematocrit.
What do NKF guidelines recommend for individuals with a GFR less than 60
mL/min/1.73 m2? - CORRECT ANSWER-They should be evaluated for anemia.
What measures are included in the assessment for anemia in CKD? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Measures of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and iron stores.
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
What are some factors contributing to anemia in CKD? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic
blood loss, hemolysis, bone marrow suppression, and decreased red cell production.
Why is erythropoietin production usually insufficient in kidney failure? - CORRECT
ANSWER-It is insufficient to stimulate adequate red blood cell production by the bone
marrow.
What are some causes of iron deficiency in people with CKD? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Anorexia, dietary restrictions, and blood loss during dialysis.
What is the major metabolic function of colonic microorganisms? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The fermentation of undigestible dietary residue and endogenous mucus.
What is a major source of energy in the colon? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fermentation of
nondigestible carbohydrates, including resistant starches, cellulose, pectins, and
unabsorbed sugars.
What role do colonic microorganisms play in vitamin synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-
They synthesize vitamin K.
Why do newborn infants not synthesize adequate amounts of vitamin K initially? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Because the normal colonic bacterial flora has not yet become
established.
What protective role does the resident gut flora provide? - CORRECT ANSWER-It
provides a crucial line of resistance to colonization by exogenous microbes.
What can disrupt the microbial balance in the gut? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
What is the role of probiotics? - CORRECT ANSWER-They are live microorganisms
that can modify the composition of enteric flora when ingested.
What are some commonly used probiotics? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lactobacilli,
bifidobacteria, and nonpathogenic Escherichia coli.
In which disease have probiotics shown value in maintaining remission? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Ulcerative colitis.
What can people with aspirin-related gastritis be unaware of? - CORRECT ANSWER-
They can be totally unaware of the condition or may complain only of heartburn or sour
stomach.
What symptoms are associated with gastritis from excessive alcohol consumption? -
CORRECT ANSWER-It often causes transient gastric distress, which may lead to
vomiting and, in more severe situations, to bleeding and hematemesis.
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
What is the onset time for gastritis caused by staphylococcal enterotoxins? - CORRECT
ANSWER-It usually has an abrupt and violent onset, with gastric distress and vomiting
occurring approximately 5 hours after ingestion of contaminated food.
Is acute gastritis a self-limiting disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER-Yes, acute gastritis is
usually a self-limiting disorder, with complete regeneration and healing occurring within
several days of removal of the inciting agent.
What is the primary treatment for celiac disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-Removal of
gluten and related proteins from the diet.
What grains contain gluten? - CORRECT ANSWER-Wheat, barley, and rye.
Can oat products be safe for people with celiac disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-Oat
products are nontoxic but may be contaminated with wheat during processing.
What types of products are available for those on a gluten-free diet? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Many gluten-free types of bread, cereals, cookies, and other products.
Which food groups are generally free of gluten? - CORRECT ANSWER-Meats,
vegetables, fruits, and dairy products.
What is the result of complete exclusion of dietary gluten for celiac disease patients? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Rapid and complete healing of the intestinal mucosa.
What is the major cause of prehepatic jaundice? - CORRECT ANSWER-Excessive
hemolysis of red blood cells.
What occurs during hemolytic jaundice? - CORRECT ANSWER-Red blood cells are
destroyed at a rate exceeding the liver's ability to remove bilirubin from the blood.
What can cause hemolytic jaundice following a blood transfusion? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The decreased lifespan of the donated red blood cells.
What is hereditary spherocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition where red cell
membranes are defective, leading to hemolytic jaundice.
What is hemolytic disease of the newborn? - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition that can
lead to excessive bilirubin production in newborns.
How can internal hemorrhage affect bilirubin levels? - CORRECT ANSWER-It can lead
to excess bilirubin production with the reabsorption of blood.
What is ineffective erythropoiesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition that can increase
bilirubin production.
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