PMS Respiration exam
1. Primary functions of respiration: - Provide O2 to tissues
- Remove CO2 from tissues
2. Four major components of respiration: 1. Pulmonary Ventilation
- inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and lungs
2. Diffusion of Gases
- Exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood
3. Transport of Gases
-movement of O2 and CO2 in the blood and body fluids to and from tissue cells
4. Regulation of Respiration
- control of ventilation and other aspects of respiration
3. What does diaphragm movement control?: Downward or upward movement lengthens or
shortens the chest cavity
4. What does rib elevation or depression control?: Increases or decreases the anteroposterior
diameter of the chest cavity
,5. What occurs during normal quiet breathing?: - accomplished mainly by diaphragm move-
ment
- Inspiration: diaphragm contraction pulls lungs downward and ribs upwards
- Expiration: Diaphragm relaxation and elastic recoil compress lungs
6. What occurs during heavy breathing?: Inspiration
- Raising the rib cage
-expands the lungs by moving the sternum forward
-increases anteroposterior chest thickness by about 20% during maximum inspiration
Expiration
-requires additional force from abdominal muscle contraction
-abdominal muscles compress the lungs
7. What are the muscles of inspiration?: External intercostals: raise the rib cage
Sternocleidomastoid: lifts the sternum
, Anterior serrati: lifts many ribs
Scaleni: lifts the first two ribs
8. What are the muscles of expiration?: Abdominal recti: pulls lower ribs downward and compresses
abdominal contents upward. MOST effective to produce maximal expiration/exhalation.
Internal intercostals: pulls ribs downward
9. What is Boyle's Law?: P1(V1) = P2(V2)
P = alveolar pressure
V = volume of lung
10. What happens to pleural and alveolar pressure during inspiration?: Both de-
crease.
Pleural pressure decreases from -5 to -7.5 cm H2O.
Alveolar pressure decreases to about -1 cm H2O
11. What happens to pleural and alveolar pressure during expiration?: Both in-
crease.
Pleural pressure reverses to initial state of -5.
Alveolar pressure increases to about +1 cm H2O.
12. What is lung compliance?: -the extent to which the lungs expand for each unit increase in transpul-
1. Primary functions of respiration: - Provide O2 to tissues
- Remove CO2 from tissues
2. Four major components of respiration: 1. Pulmonary Ventilation
- inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and lungs
2. Diffusion of Gases
- Exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood
3. Transport of Gases
-movement of O2 and CO2 in the blood and body fluids to and from tissue cells
4. Regulation of Respiration
- control of ventilation and other aspects of respiration
3. What does diaphragm movement control?: Downward or upward movement lengthens or
shortens the chest cavity
4. What does rib elevation or depression control?: Increases or decreases the anteroposterior
diameter of the chest cavity
,5. What occurs during normal quiet breathing?: - accomplished mainly by diaphragm move-
ment
- Inspiration: diaphragm contraction pulls lungs downward and ribs upwards
- Expiration: Diaphragm relaxation and elastic recoil compress lungs
6. What occurs during heavy breathing?: Inspiration
- Raising the rib cage
-expands the lungs by moving the sternum forward
-increases anteroposterior chest thickness by about 20% during maximum inspiration
Expiration
-requires additional force from abdominal muscle contraction
-abdominal muscles compress the lungs
7. What are the muscles of inspiration?: External intercostals: raise the rib cage
Sternocleidomastoid: lifts the sternum
, Anterior serrati: lifts many ribs
Scaleni: lifts the first two ribs
8. What are the muscles of expiration?: Abdominal recti: pulls lower ribs downward and compresses
abdominal contents upward. MOST effective to produce maximal expiration/exhalation.
Internal intercostals: pulls ribs downward
9. What is Boyle's Law?: P1(V1) = P2(V2)
P = alveolar pressure
V = volume of lung
10. What happens to pleural and alveolar pressure during inspiration?: Both de-
crease.
Pleural pressure decreases from -5 to -7.5 cm H2O.
Alveolar pressure decreases to about -1 cm H2O
11. What happens to pleural and alveolar pressure during expiration?: Both in-
crease.
Pleural pressure reverses to initial state of -5.
Alveolar pressure increases to about +1 cm H2O.
12. What is lung compliance?: -the extent to which the lungs expand for each unit increase in transpul-
