NR 283: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 283: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 1. UTI or Acute Cystitis Correct Answer cloudy urine - caused by E. coli 2. Pancreatitis is caused by: - gallstones (bile duct disorder) - alcohol 3. Rickets Correct Answer a term used for osteomalacia in CHILDREN - usually due to inadequate or lack of Vitamin D 4. Appendicitis Correct Answer pain in the lower right quadrant (LRQ) 5. Peptic Ulcer (Gastric) Correct Answer occult blood in stool - coffee-ground vomitus (coffee grains in the vomit) 6. Sprain Correct Answer a torn ligament 7. Azotemia Correct Answer nitrogen in the blood caused by kidney damage - excess urea and other nitrogen wastes in the blood, as in renal failure 8. Dislocation Correct Answer distortion of joint, usually evident - bone separated from/deformed at joint 9. What group is at high-risk for Gout? Correct Answer males between 40-50 years of age 10. What group is at high-risk for Osteoporosis? Correct Answer postmenopausal women due to low estrogen levels 11. Gastritis Correct Answer is an inflammation of the stomach that may occur in many forms such as acute and chronic - inflammatory disorder of gastric mucosa - Increases risk of cancer 12. Acute Gastritis Correct Answer gastric mucosa is inflamed - may be ulcerated and bleeding - is usually self-limiting - may result from infection by microorganisms, allergies to foods, spicy or irritating foods, excessive alcohol intake, ingestion of aspirin or other NSAIDs, ingestion of corrosive or toxic substances, radiation or chemotherapy - signs and symtpoms include: • anorexia, nausea, vomiting may develop • hematemesis caused by bleeding • epigastric pain, cramps or general discomfort • with infection, diarrhea may develop 13. Chronic Gastritis Correct Answer characterized by atrophy of stomach mucosa • loss of secretory glands • reduced production of intrinsic factor - Helicobacter pylori infection is often present - signs may be vague • mild epigastric discomfort, anorexia, intolerance for certain foods - increased risk of peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma - certain autoimmune disorders are associated with one type of chronic gastric atrophy 14. Signs and Symptoms of Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones) Correct Answer stones in the kidney or bladder are frequently asymptomatic - flank pain (back pain or area below the ribs) due to distention of the renal capsule - renal colic caused by obstruction of the ureter • intense spasms of pain in flank area • radiating into groin area • lasts until stone passes or is removed • possible nausea and vomiting, cool moist skin, rapid pulse • radiological examination confirms location of calculi 15. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Correct Answer food goes down and mixes with acid and goes back up - involves the periodic flow of gastric contents into the esophagus which causes erosion and inflammation - often seen in conjunction with hiatal hernia - causes heartburn frequently occur 30 to 60 minutes after eating or at night 16. Hepatic Encephalopathy Correct Answer increases ammonia (excessive levels) - serum ammonia levels - abnormal levels of electrolytes or amino acids, and excessive ammonia or other toxic chemicals which affect the central nervous system 17. Cirrhosis Correct Answer causes liver blockage - progressive destruction of the liver - causes the following: • alcoholic liver disease (portal cirrhosis) • biliary cirrhosis (associated with immune disorders) • postnecrotic cirrhosis (linked with chronic hepatitis or long term exposure to toxic materials) • metabolic (usually caused by genetic metabolic storage disorders) 18. Bladder Cancer Correct Answer main predisposing factor: SMOKING - other predisposing factors include working with chemicals in laboratories and industry (particularly aniline dyes, rubber, aluminum), recurrent infections, heavy intake of analgesics - most bladder tumors are malignant and commonly arise from transitional epithelium of the bladder - develops as multiple tumors and tends to recur - diagnosed by urine cytology and biopsy - early signs include hematuria and dysuria 19. Locked-in Syndrome Correct Answer aware and thinking but paralyzed