NR 283 VCAS FINAL EXAM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 283 VCAS FINAL EXAM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 1. Spinal cord disorders; AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA...: (Spinal Cord Injury At T-6 Or Higher) Triggered by sustained stimuli at T-6 or below from: Restrictive Clothing Full Bladder or UTI Pressure Areas Fecal Impaction LEVEL OF INJURY ABOVE WAIST Vasodilation Above higher BP-Severe & Rapid Flushed Face • Headache Distended Neck Veins lower Heart Rate higher Sweating -Level of Injury-t Vasoconstriction Below Pale Cool No Sweating 2. Signs of spinal injury after an accident may include:: Pressure in the head. neck, or back Intense back pain Paralysis, lack of coordination, or weakness in any part of the body Loss of sensation or numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, fingers, or toes Twisted or oddly positioned neck or back Impaired breathing Loss of control of bladder or bowels Trouble walking and balancing 3. Emphysema (COPD): pathologic diagnosis: permanent enlargement and destruction of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole older and thin severe dyspnea quiet chest x-ray: hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms 4. ANEMIA COMMON CAUSES: • Iron Deficiency • Vitamin Deficiency • Chronic Diseases • Bone Marrow Diseases • Hemolytic Anemia • Sickle Cell Anemia 5. kidney stones (renal calculi): background - occurs when there's on excess of crystal-forming substances that can't be dissolved in urine contributing factors: - disturbances in urinary h -low urine volume -low fluid intake -dietary factors types of stones calcium oxalate calcium phosphate struvite uric acid cystine diagnosis x-ray non contrast ct ultrasound/mri’ in renal pelvis - asymptomatic -no obstruction of urine flow in ureter -high pressure inside ureter -spasms of smooth muscle lining -distension of walls - renal colic -nausea/vomiting in bladder -frequent/painful urination -chronic bladder discomfort -hydronephrosis - low renal function-pyelonephritis treatment NSAIDs iv fluids medical expulsive therapy lithotripsy ureteral endoscopy 6. Hypercalcemia manifestation: strong heart dehydration weight loss anorexia pruritis polydipsia drsrhythmia short QT AND ST bone pain, kidney stones 7. Hyperplasia: Increased in the number of cells. Eg. Mamorary glands and uterine enlargement during pregnancy. 8. Hypoxia: Low oxygenations / reduced oxygenation in tissue 9. phlebitis: Inflammation of the veins 10. Homeostasis: The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment for cells In the body. The body's systems maintain a stable environment while adjusting to changing external conditions 11. Trisomy: 3 chromosomes instead OF 2 12. Pathology: The study of the tissue changes associated with disease 13. Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing / shortness of breath / increased effort to breathe 14. Anemia: Decrease in circulating hemoglobin and oxygen- carrying capacity In the blood because of decreased erythrocyte production. 15. ischemia: Lack of oxygen caused by decreased oxygenated blood flow to a specific location of the body. 16. infarction: Tissue death caused by lack of oxygen/ lack of blood flow to the tissue or caused by total blockage/ obstruction causing tissue death 17. necrosis: tissue Death of cells due to irreversible damage 18. Apoptosis: programmed cell death 19. sympathetic response: fight or flight response caused by stress, panic. E.t-c 20. Parasympathetic response: rest or digest 21. melena: Black tarry stool 22. steatorrhea: Fat/ cholesterol in the feces; frothy, foul smelling fecal matter 23. Pathophysiology: The study of functional or physiological changes in the body as a result from disease processes 24. Idiopathic: unknown cause 25. autosomal dominant disorders: Huntington's Disease Adult polycystic kidney disease Marfan syndrome 26. Autosomal recessive disorders: Cystic fibrosis Sickle cell anemia 27. X linked dominant disorders,: Fragile X syndrome 28. X-linked recessive disorders: color blindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hemophilia A 29. X-linked recessive disorders carriers: Mothers are usually carriers and have 50% chance of passing A on 30. Autosomal dominant traits: Each individual with the trait will have aparent with the trait 31. Autosomal recessive traits: An individual with the trait can have one, two or neither parent who exhibit the trait 32. single gene disorders: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, x-linked recessive X-linked dominant 33. multifactorial disorders: Cleft lip and palate Clubfoot Congenital heart disease Type II diabetes 34. Chromosomal disorders: Down syndrome (trisomy 21) Turner syndrome ( monosomy X) Klinefelter syndrome ( polysomy X ) 35. Down syndrome characteristics: Gap between 1st and 2nd toe Simian crease in hands Epicanthic fold Upward slating eyes Flat nasal bridge Protruding tongue Single palmar crease , short statuse 36. Down Syndrome: a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. 37. Health risks for Down syndrome: Congenital heart condition Gastrointestinal problems such as obstructions Celiac disease Problems with memory, judgement and concentration Hearing conditions such as sensorineural hearing loss Eye problems such as cataracts or Far-Sightedness Thyroid conditions 38. TORCH infections: T= toxoplasmosis O= Other infections like hepatitis, syphilis, R= Rubella virus C= Cytomegalovirus H= Herpes Simplex Virus 39. Vertically-transmitted infections: Is a mother to child transmission caused by ulruses, bacteria or parasites and can be transmitted directly from mother to and embryo/fetus during pregnancy or child birth 40. Hypothermia: Occurs at very cold temperatures but can occur at cool temp above 40°F