NR511 FINAL EXAM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR511 FINAL EXAM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 1. Appendicitis: Constant periumbilical pain shifting to RLQ, with possible vomiting and low-grade fever; confirmed with WBCs, urinalysis, and signs like Obturator sign. 2. Diverticulitis: LLQ pain, fever, nausea/vomiting; CT scan to rule out abscess or gynecologic causes. 3. Gastroenteritis: Watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting; stool culture can help rule out IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel, partial bowel obstruction, pelvic abscess. 4. Splenic Sequestration (Sickle Cell): Abdominal pain with pallor and tachycardia. 5. PUD (H. pylori): Epigastric burning relieved by food; treated with triple therapy. 6. C. difficile: Watery, foul-smelling diarrhea; diagnosed by ELISA, PCR, CBC. Treated with metronidazole and supportive care. 7. Giardia: Exposure to unfiltered water; treat with Flagyl or atabrine. 8. Salmonella: Bloody or mucoid diarrhea with N/V and colicky abdominal pain; linked to chicken, eggs. 9. Rotavirus (in children): Watery diarrhea, vomiting, low-grade fever; supportive care with fluids. 10. Acute vs. Chronic Diarrhea: Evaluate recent diet, antibiotic use, travel history, and water source. 11. Chronic Constipation Management Strategies: Increase dietary fiber and water, encourage physical activity, use of osmotic or stimulant laxatives when necessary, rule out underlying pathology. 12. Heartburn (GERD): Classic symptom: Heartburn, often at night. 13. Associated symptoms of GERD: Dysphagia, regurgitation, sour taste, hoarseness. 14. First-line treatment for GERD: Diet modification + omeprazole for 6 weeks. 15. Endoscopy for GERD: If no improvement after first-line treatment, order endoscopy. 16. Lifestyle modifications for GERD: Small meals, upright after eating, elevate head of bed, no meals 3 hours before bedtime. 17. Obturator Sign: Pain on internal rotation of flexed hip (appendicitis). 18. Rovsing's Sign: RLQ pain on palpation of LLQ (appendicitis). 19. General approach to abdominal assessment: Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation. Identify tenderness, distension, masses, or rebound tenderness. 20. Management of Diarrhea: Metronidazole, fluids, probiotics for C. difficile; Flagyl or Atabrine for Giardia; supportive care for Salmonella. 21. Constipation management strategies: Increase dietary fiber (20-35g/day), hydration (1.5-2L/day), physical activity, laxatives if needed, address medication side effects. 22. Heartburn Symptoms: Heartburn, regurgitation, sour taste, hoarseness, cough, dysphagia. 23. Next Step if GERD treatment fails: Endoscopy. 24. Foods to avoid in GERD: Alcohol, chocolate, peppermint, caffeine, spicy/fatty foods. 25. Lifestyle Tips for GERD: Small meals, upright x 2 hrs, HOB elevated, no food 3 hrs before bed. 26. General Inspection in Abdominal Assessment: Look for scars, distention, pulsations. 27. Auscultation in Abdominal Assessment: Bowel sounds: Hyperactive (diarrhea), hypoactive (obstruction), absent (peritonitis). 28. Palpation in Abdominal Assessment: Assess for pain/masses; light then deep; assess for rebound, guarding. 29. Appendicitis Symptoms: Constant periumbilical pain shifting to RLQ; nausea/vomiting after pain onset; anorexia; low-volume diarrhea; low-grade fever. 30. Appendicitis Exam Signs: Obturator sign: RLQ pain with internal rotation of the flexed hip; Rovsing's sign: RLQ pain with LLQ palpation. 31. Appendicitis Labs: Mild leukocytosis with left shift; WBCs or RBCs in urine possible. 32. WBC Count in Appendicitis: WBC count rises significantly only if gangrene or perforation occurs. 33. Most common cause of Appendicitis: Fecalith (hardened stool). 34. Appendicitis Management: Surgical removal (appendectomy); antimicrobial therapy. 35. Gastroenteritis Definition: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines (usually viral or bacterial). 36. Gastroenteritis Causes: Often via fecal-oral route. 37. Gastroenteritis Symptoms: Watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, headache, dehydration. 38. Gastroenteritis Differential Diagnosis: IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel, partial bowel obstruction, pelvic abscess. 39. Gastroenteritis Diagnostics: Stool cultures (to rule out bacterial causes). 40. Gastroenteritis Management: Supportive: hydration, electrolyte replacement; stool culture if severe or persistent. 41. Rome IV Criteria: Used to diagnose Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Recurrent abdominal pain, on average, at least 1 day per week in the last 3 months, associated with 2 or more of the following: Related to defecation, Associated with a change in stool frequency, Associated with a change in stool form (appearance).