Biology 101 test bank
1) If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a
particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and
efficient route to establishing a line of such plants? - answersC) Clone the plant.
2) Which of the following statements defines a genome? - answersD) the complete set
of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences
3) Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes? - answersB)
mitosis
4) Quaking aspen trees can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes
have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground
stems? - answersD) 3
5) Which of the following statements is correct in comparing sexual and asexual
reproduction? - answersB) In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their
nuclear genes to each of their offspring.
6) At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation
of a karyotype? - answersB) metaphase
7) Which of the following statements is true of a species that has a chromosome
number of 2n = 16? - answersC) Each diploid cell has eight homologous pairs of
chromosomes.
8) Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Which of the following
characteristics do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of generations II.
Meiosis II. Fertilization IV. Gametes V. Spores - answersB) II, III, and IV
9) Which of the following processes occurs in a plant's sexual life cycle? - answersB)
gametophytes produce gametes by mitosis
10) Which of the following statements describes an example of alternation of
generations? - answersB) A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces a spore by meiosis that
gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte).
11) A particular organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. Which of the following
statements is correct regarding this organism? - answersD) It produces gametes with 23
chromosomes.
12) A triploid cell contains three sets of homologous chromosomes. If a cell of a diploid
species that normally has 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be
,expected to have which of the following sets of chromosomes? - answersB) 63
chromosomes in 21 sets of 3
13) Which of the following processes might produce a human zygote with 45
chromosomes? - answersA) an error in meiotic anaphase occurring in either an egg or
sperm
14) In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of
these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair
have in common? - answersC) length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits
coded for by their genes
Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions.
15) Which of the life cycles is typical for animals? - answersA) I only
16) Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae? - answersC) III only
17) Which of the life cycles is typical for most fungi and some protists? - answersB) II
only
18) In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of the figure above, if the zygote's
chromosome number is ten, which of the following statements will be true? - answersA)
The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is ten and the gametophyte's is five.
19) Which of the following characteristics do homologous chromosomes exhibit? -
answersB) They carry information for the same traits.
20) Many organisms spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state. If meiosis
produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for these types of
organisms? - answersD) by fertilization
21) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the human X chromosomes?
- answersC) It carries genes that determine an individual's biological sex.
22) Which of the following statements correctly describes a karyotype? - answersB) It is
an organized image of a cell's chromosomes.
23) If a cell has completed meiosis I and the first cytokinesis, and is just beginning
meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its genetic contents? -
answersA) It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.
24) The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain a total of 46 chromosomes. How do
the chromosomes of this plant differ from the chromosomes of humans, who also have
a total of 46? - answersC) Genes of privet shrub chromosomes are significantly different
than those in humans.
,25) Which of the following statements describes the chromosomal makeup of each
daughter cell after telophase of meiosis I? - answersD) The cells are haploid, and the
chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
26) How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of
meiosis I? - answersC) The cells have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth
the amount of DNA.
27) Which of the following events happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? - answersA)
Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
28) During which of the following processes do sister chromatids separate from each
other? - answersD) during both mitosis and meiosis II
29) Which of the following processes occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? - answersB)
synapsis of chromosomes
30) When chiasmata can first be seen in cells using a microscope, which of the
following processes has most likely occurred? - answersC) prophase I
For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII.
Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II 31) Homologous chromosomes are
aligned at the equator of the spindle. - answersB) II
For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII.
Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II 32) Centromeres of sister chromatids
disjoin and chromatids separate. - answersD) VII
Refer to the drawings in the figure below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes
as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the
following question(s). 33) Which diagram represents anaphase I of meiosis? -
answersA) I
Refer to the drawings in the figure below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes
as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the
following question(s). 34) Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis? -
answersD) V
DNA was isolated from three different cell types of the same organism, the relative DNA
content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph shown
in the figure below. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions. 35) Which
sample of DNA might be from a cell that stopped the process of cell division in G0
phase of the cell cycle prior to meiosis? - answersA) I
, DNA was isolated from three different cell types of the same organism, the relative DNA
content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph shown
in the figure below. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions. 36) Which
sample of DNA might represent an animal cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle prior to
meiosis? - answersB) II
DNA was isolated from three different cell types of the same organism, the relative DNA
content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph shown
in the figure below. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions. 37) Which
sample of DNA might represent a zygote? - answersA) I
Refer to the information and figure below to answer the following questions. A certain
(hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence
of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the
result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure.38) A certain
female's number 12 chromosomes both have the blue gene and number 19
chromosomes both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, which
of the following combinations of genes and chromosomes will her eggs have? -
answersD) one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one
long gene
Refer to the information and figure below to answer the following questions. A certain
(hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence
of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the
result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure.39) If a female of
this species has one chromosome 12 with a blue gene and another chromosome 12
with an orange gene, and has both number 19 chromosomes with short genes, which of
the following combinations of genes will her eggs have? - answersC) one half blue short
and one half orange short gene eggs
40) A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long gene chromosome and a
maternal set comprised of one blue and one short gene chromosome would be
expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis? - answersD)
Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having either blue long, blue short, orange long, or
orange short combinations.
41) Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many
chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm? - answersB) two
42) Which of the following processes occur during meiosis but not mitosis? - answersC)
Diploid cells form haploid cells.
43) During which of the following phases of meiosis do homologous chromosomes
separate? - answersD) anaphase I
1) If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a
particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and
efficient route to establishing a line of such plants? - answersC) Clone the plant.
2) Which of the following statements defines a genome? - answersD) the complete set
of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences
3) Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes? - answersB)
mitosis
4) Quaking aspen trees can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes
have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground
stems? - answersD) 3
5) Which of the following statements is correct in comparing sexual and asexual
reproduction? - answersB) In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their
nuclear genes to each of their offspring.
6) At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation
of a karyotype? - answersB) metaphase
7) Which of the following statements is true of a species that has a chromosome
number of 2n = 16? - answersC) Each diploid cell has eight homologous pairs of
chromosomes.
8) Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Which of the following
characteristics do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of generations II.
Meiosis II. Fertilization IV. Gametes V. Spores - answersB) II, III, and IV
9) Which of the following processes occurs in a plant's sexual life cycle? - answersB)
gametophytes produce gametes by mitosis
10) Which of the following statements describes an example of alternation of
generations? - answersB) A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces a spore by meiosis that
gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte).
11) A particular organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. Which of the following
statements is correct regarding this organism? - answersD) It produces gametes with 23
chromosomes.
12) A triploid cell contains three sets of homologous chromosomes. If a cell of a diploid
species that normally has 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be
,expected to have which of the following sets of chromosomes? - answersB) 63
chromosomes in 21 sets of 3
13) Which of the following processes might produce a human zygote with 45
chromosomes? - answersA) an error in meiotic anaphase occurring in either an egg or
sperm
14) In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of
these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair
have in common? - answersC) length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits
coded for by their genes
Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions.
15) Which of the life cycles is typical for animals? - answersA) I only
16) Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae? - answersC) III only
17) Which of the life cycles is typical for most fungi and some protists? - answersB) II
only
18) In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of the figure above, if the zygote's
chromosome number is ten, which of the following statements will be true? - answersA)
The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is ten and the gametophyte's is five.
19) Which of the following characteristics do homologous chromosomes exhibit? -
answersB) They carry information for the same traits.
20) Many organisms spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state. If meiosis
produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for these types of
organisms? - answersD) by fertilization
21) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the human X chromosomes?
- answersC) It carries genes that determine an individual's biological sex.
22) Which of the following statements correctly describes a karyotype? - answersB) It is
an organized image of a cell's chromosomes.
23) If a cell has completed meiosis I and the first cytokinesis, and is just beginning
meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its genetic contents? -
answersA) It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.
24) The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain a total of 46 chromosomes. How do
the chromosomes of this plant differ from the chromosomes of humans, who also have
a total of 46? - answersC) Genes of privet shrub chromosomes are significantly different
than those in humans.
,25) Which of the following statements describes the chromosomal makeup of each
daughter cell after telophase of meiosis I? - answersD) The cells are haploid, and the
chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
26) How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of
meiosis I? - answersC) The cells have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth
the amount of DNA.
27) Which of the following events happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? - answersA)
Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
28) During which of the following processes do sister chromatids separate from each
other? - answersD) during both mitosis and meiosis II
29) Which of the following processes occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? - answersB)
synapsis of chromosomes
30) When chiasmata can first be seen in cells using a microscope, which of the
following processes has most likely occurred? - answersC) prophase I
For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII.
Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II 31) Homologous chromosomes are
aligned at the equator of the spindle. - answersB) II
For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII.
Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II 32) Centromeres of sister chromatids
disjoin and chromatids separate. - answersD) VII
Refer to the drawings in the figure below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes
as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the
following question(s). 33) Which diagram represents anaphase I of meiosis? -
answersA) I
Refer to the drawings in the figure below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes
as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the
following question(s). 34) Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis? -
answersD) V
DNA was isolated from three different cell types of the same organism, the relative DNA
content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph shown
in the figure below. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions. 35) Which
sample of DNA might be from a cell that stopped the process of cell division in G0
phase of the cell cycle prior to meiosis? - answersA) I
, DNA was isolated from three different cell types of the same organism, the relative DNA
content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph shown
in the figure below. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions. 36) Which
sample of DNA might represent an animal cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle prior to
meiosis? - answersB) II
DNA was isolated from three different cell types of the same organism, the relative DNA
content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph shown
in the figure below. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions. 37) Which
sample of DNA might represent a zygote? - answersA) I
Refer to the information and figure below to answer the following questions. A certain
(hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence
of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the
result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure.38) A certain
female's number 12 chromosomes both have the blue gene and number 19
chromosomes both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, which
of the following combinations of genes and chromosomes will her eggs have? -
answersD) one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one
long gene
Refer to the information and figure below to answer the following questions. A certain
(hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence
of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the
result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure.39) If a female of
this species has one chromosome 12 with a blue gene and another chromosome 12
with an orange gene, and has both number 19 chromosomes with short genes, which of
the following combinations of genes will her eggs have? - answersC) one half blue short
and one half orange short gene eggs
40) A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long gene chromosome and a
maternal set comprised of one blue and one short gene chromosome would be
expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis? - answersD)
Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having either blue long, blue short, orange long, or
orange short combinations.
41) Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many
chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm? - answersB) two
42) Which of the following processes occur during meiosis but not mitosis? - answersC)
Diploid cells form haploid cells.
43) During which of the following phases of meiosis do homologous chromosomes
separate? - answersD) anaphase I
