age 1 of 87
BIO 141 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
QUESTIONS BANK AND VERIFIED CORRECT
SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <LATEST VERSION>
All cells must have... ......ANSWER........-Nucleic acids that store
and transmit info
-Proteins that perform most of the cells functions
-Carbs that provide chemical energy, carbon, support, identity
-A plasma membrane which serves as a selectively permeable
membrane barrier.
Pro: Chromosome ......ANSWER........Singular, circular chromosome
that consists of large DNA molecules with a small number of
proteins
,age 2 of 87
Pro: Nucleoid ......ANSWER........location and structural
organization of circular chromosome.
Pro: Plasmids ......ANSWER........Circular, supercoiled DNA
molecules
Ribosomes ......ANSWER........-Function as protein-manufacturing
center.
-Not organelles because not surrounded by membranes
Organelle ......ANSWER........-Membrane-bound compartment
inside the cell that contains enzymes or structures specialized for
a specific function.
-Functions: store calcium ions, etc; hold crystals for mineral
magnetite (sense magnetic field); organize enzyme for
,age 3 of 87
synthesizing compounds; sequestering enzymes that generate
chemical energy from ammonium.
Cytoskeleton ......ANSWER........protein filaments that help
maintain structure
Cytoplasm ......ANSWER........-all the contents excluding the
nucleus.
-Plasma membrane creates an internal environment that is
distinct from the outside, non-living environments
Cell Wall ......ANSWER........-Tough fibrous layer that surrounds
the plasma membrane
-Protects against hypertonic effects.
-Glycolipids: lipids that contain carbohydrate group, creates
protective layer.
, age 4 of 87
Flagella: ......ANSWER........-Assembled from 40+ different
proteins
-Base in membrane, rotation spins long helical filaments that
propels cells around 60 cell lengths per second.
Fimbriae ......ANSWER........Needlelike projections that extend
from plasma membrane and promote attachment to other
cells/surfaces.
Cytosol ......ANSWER........Fluid portion between the plasma
membrane and organelles, small fraction of volume of cell.
Advantages of compartmentalization ......ANSWER........-
Incompatible chemical reactions can be separated.
-Chemical reactions become more efficient.
BIO 141 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
QUESTIONS BANK AND VERIFIED CORRECT
SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <LATEST VERSION>
All cells must have... ......ANSWER........-Nucleic acids that store
and transmit info
-Proteins that perform most of the cells functions
-Carbs that provide chemical energy, carbon, support, identity
-A plasma membrane which serves as a selectively permeable
membrane barrier.
Pro: Chromosome ......ANSWER........Singular, circular chromosome
that consists of large DNA molecules with a small number of
proteins
,age 2 of 87
Pro: Nucleoid ......ANSWER........location and structural
organization of circular chromosome.
Pro: Plasmids ......ANSWER........Circular, supercoiled DNA
molecules
Ribosomes ......ANSWER........-Function as protein-manufacturing
center.
-Not organelles because not surrounded by membranes
Organelle ......ANSWER........-Membrane-bound compartment
inside the cell that contains enzymes or structures specialized for
a specific function.
-Functions: store calcium ions, etc; hold crystals for mineral
magnetite (sense magnetic field); organize enzyme for
,age 3 of 87
synthesizing compounds; sequestering enzymes that generate
chemical energy from ammonium.
Cytoskeleton ......ANSWER........protein filaments that help
maintain structure
Cytoplasm ......ANSWER........-all the contents excluding the
nucleus.
-Plasma membrane creates an internal environment that is
distinct from the outside, non-living environments
Cell Wall ......ANSWER........-Tough fibrous layer that surrounds
the plasma membrane
-Protects against hypertonic effects.
-Glycolipids: lipids that contain carbohydrate group, creates
protective layer.
, age 4 of 87
Flagella: ......ANSWER........-Assembled from 40+ different
proteins
-Base in membrane, rotation spins long helical filaments that
propels cells around 60 cell lengths per second.
Fimbriae ......ANSWER........Needlelike projections that extend
from plasma membrane and promote attachment to other
cells/surfaces.
Cytosol ......ANSWER........Fluid portion between the plasma
membrane and organelles, small fraction of volume of cell.
Advantages of compartmentalization ......ANSWER........-
Incompatible chemical reactions can be separated.
-Chemical reactions become more efficient.
