age 1 of 208
BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION> Portage Learning
Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:
Nucleus .....Answer.....contains DNA and serves as the control
center of the cell
Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:
Ribosomes .....Answer.....tiny manufacturing plants that assemble
proteins
Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:
Smooth ER .....Answer.....synthesizes lipids
,age 2 of 208
Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:
Rough ER .....Answer.....modifies and transports proteins derived
from the rbosomes that are found along its surface
a. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found
in DNA and what are the corresponding types that are found in
RNA? .....Answer.....a. sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine,
cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine,
uracil
What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA?
.....Answer.....1. DNA contains deoxyribose - RNA is ribose
,age 3 of 208
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description,
what two parts of a DNA nucleotide form the uprights? What
part forms the rungs? .....Answer.....The uprights are the sugar
phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration
condensation. .....Answer.....During dehydration condensation
biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block
monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
, age 4 of 208
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during
hydrolysis when a water molecule is added and energy is
released.
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid,
protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of each.
GLUCOSE .....Answer.....Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred
to as blood sugar in humans and animals
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid,
protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of each.
Starch .....Answer.....Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store
glucose
BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION> Portage Learning
Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:
Nucleus .....Answer.....contains DNA and serves as the control
center of the cell
Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:
Ribosomes .....Answer.....tiny manufacturing plants that assemble
proteins
Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:
Smooth ER .....Answer.....synthesizes lipids
,age 2 of 208
Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:
Rough ER .....Answer.....modifies and transports proteins derived
from the rbosomes that are found along its surface
a. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found
in DNA and what are the corresponding types that are found in
RNA? .....Answer.....a. sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine,
cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine,
uracil
What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA?
.....Answer.....1. DNA contains deoxyribose - RNA is ribose
,age 3 of 208
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description,
what two parts of a DNA nucleotide form the uprights? What
part forms the rungs? .....Answer.....The uprights are the sugar
phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration
condensation. .....Answer.....During dehydration condensation
biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block
monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
, age 4 of 208
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during
hydrolysis when a water molecule is added and energy is
released.
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid,
protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of each.
GLUCOSE .....Answer.....Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred
to as blood sugar in humans and animals
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid,
protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of each.
Starch .....Answer.....Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store
glucose
