age 1 of 35
BIOD 101 MODULE 4 EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION> Portage Learning
CFTR gene .....Answer.....a gene that codes for a protein involved
in chloride and water transport across membranes. In patients
with cystic fibrosis, a mutation in this gene disrupts chloride and
water transport across membranes. The end result is production
of thick and sticky mucus that obstructs the airways in the lungs
and the ducts in the pancreas.
mitotic spindle .....Answer.....cytoskeletal apparatus composed of
different kinds of microtubules that will separate sister
chromatids- consists of centrosomes, spindle microtubules, and
radial asters
,age 2 of 35
nucleolus .....Answer.....responsible for synthesizing ribosomal
subunits for cell to assemble complete, functioning ribosomes
when nucleolus begins to break down .....Answer.....ribosomal
submit synthesis temporarily stops- mechanism to direct energy
to division process
prometaphase .....Answer.....continued chromatin condensation,
changes to nuclear envelope, and reorganization and changes
to mitotic spindle apparatus
purines .....Answer.....2 carbon-nitrogen rings and 4 nitrogen
bonds
pyrimidines .....Answer.....one carbon-nitrogen ring and 2
nitrogen bonds
adenine and guanine .....Answer.....purines
,age 3 of 35
thymine and cytosine .....Answer.....pyrimidines
nucleotide .....Answer.....nitrogenous base + deoxyribose +
phosphate group
adenine + thymine .....Answer.....2 hydrogen bonds
guanine + cytosine .....Answer.....3 hydrogen bonds
hydrogen bonds .....Answer.....2 negatively charged atoms share
a hydrogen atom- very weak
sequence .....Answer.....nucleotides are linked to the
polynucleotide chain, which is ordered in a specific linear
arrangement- defines entire organism
polarity .....Answer.....determined by the direction the nucleotide
rungs are facing
, age 4 of 35
5 prime .....Answer.....ends in phosphate group
3 prime .....Answer.....ends with hydroxyl group
antiparalell .....Answer.....oriented with one strand being in 5' ->
3' and other strand in 3' -> 5'
genome .....Answer.....entire sequence of paired bases
histone protiens .....Answer.....necessary for DNA replication-
packaged with tightly coiled sequences
chromatin .....Answer.....sequences and associated proteins
chromosomes .....Answer.....folded DNA
somatic cells .....Answer.....all body cells except gametes
cell cycle .....Answer.....the process of a parent cell replicating its
genetic info and physically dividing into 2 daughter cells
BIOD 101 MODULE 4 EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION> Portage Learning
CFTR gene .....Answer.....a gene that codes for a protein involved
in chloride and water transport across membranes. In patients
with cystic fibrosis, a mutation in this gene disrupts chloride and
water transport across membranes. The end result is production
of thick and sticky mucus that obstructs the airways in the lungs
and the ducts in the pancreas.
mitotic spindle .....Answer.....cytoskeletal apparatus composed of
different kinds of microtubules that will separate sister
chromatids- consists of centrosomes, spindle microtubules, and
radial asters
,age 2 of 35
nucleolus .....Answer.....responsible for synthesizing ribosomal
subunits for cell to assemble complete, functioning ribosomes
when nucleolus begins to break down .....Answer.....ribosomal
submit synthesis temporarily stops- mechanism to direct energy
to division process
prometaphase .....Answer.....continued chromatin condensation,
changes to nuclear envelope, and reorganization and changes
to mitotic spindle apparatus
purines .....Answer.....2 carbon-nitrogen rings and 4 nitrogen
bonds
pyrimidines .....Answer.....one carbon-nitrogen ring and 2
nitrogen bonds
adenine and guanine .....Answer.....purines
,age 3 of 35
thymine and cytosine .....Answer.....pyrimidines
nucleotide .....Answer.....nitrogenous base + deoxyribose +
phosphate group
adenine + thymine .....Answer.....2 hydrogen bonds
guanine + cytosine .....Answer.....3 hydrogen bonds
hydrogen bonds .....Answer.....2 negatively charged atoms share
a hydrogen atom- very weak
sequence .....Answer.....nucleotides are linked to the
polynucleotide chain, which is ordered in a specific linear
arrangement- defines entire organism
polarity .....Answer.....determined by the direction the nucleotide
rungs are facing
, age 4 of 35
5 prime .....Answer.....ends in phosphate group
3 prime .....Answer.....ends with hydroxyl group
antiparalell .....Answer.....oriented with one strand being in 5' ->
3' and other strand in 3' -> 5'
genome .....Answer.....entire sequence of paired bases
histone protiens .....Answer.....necessary for DNA replication-
packaged with tightly coiled sequences
chromatin .....Answer.....sequences and associated proteins
chromosomes .....Answer.....folded DNA
somatic cells .....Answer.....all body cells except gametes
cell cycle .....Answer.....the process of a parent cell replicating its
genetic info and physically dividing into 2 daughter cells
