Exam (elaborations) HLTH 4200 (HLTH4200Principles Of Epidemiology ) (HLTH 4200 (HLTH4200Principles Of Epidemiology ))

Course HLTH-4200-2,Principles of Epidemiology. Test HLTH_4200_Week6_Exam Instructions Please answer each question below and click Submit when you have completed the Quiz. Results Displayed Submitted Answers, Correct Answers, Feedback • Question 1 5 out of 5 points Statistical power is the ability of a study to demonstrate an association if one exists Selected Answer: True Correct Answer: True Response Feedback: For a discussion of this topic, see pps. 354-355 and 373 of your textbook. • Question 2 5 out of 5 points Which of the following IS NOT a characteristic that would make a disease appropriate for screening? Selected Answer: The positive predictive value of the screening test should be low. Correct Answer: The positive predictive value of the screening test should be low. Response Feedback: see Chapter 11, p. 415 of your text • Question 3 5 out of 5 points You are interested in finding out whether middle-aged men who have irregular heartbeats are at greater risk of developing a myocardial infarction (heart attack) than men whose heartbeats are regular. Electrocardiogram (ECG) examinations are performed on all male office employees 35 years of age or older who work for oil companies in Houston. The ECG tracings are classified as irregular or regular. Five years later, myocardial infarction rates are compared between those with and those without baseline ECG irregularities. This is an example of what type of study? Selected Answer: Prospective cohort Correct Answer: Prospective cohort Response Feedback: See Ch. 6,7, and 8—p. 301 • Question 4 5 out of 5 points The physical examination records of the incoming freshman class of 1935 at the University of Minnesota were examined in 1980 to see whether their recorded height and weight at the time of admission to the university are related to their chance of developing coronary heart disease by 1980. This is an example of what type of study? Selected Answer: Retrospective cohort Correct Answer: Retrospective cohort Response Feedback: See Ch. 6, 7, and 8—p. 302-393 • Question 5 5 out of 5 points Research participants were children enrolled in a health maintenance organization. At 18 months of age each child was randomly assigned to one of two groups. Each group was given one of two types of vaccine against Haemophilus influenza. Parents were asked to record any side effects on a card and mail it back after two weeks. This study would be characterized as: Selected Answer: Clinical trial Correct Answer: Clinical trial Response Feedback: See Chapters 6, 7, and 8 (pp. 262-264) of your text. • Question 6 5 out of 5 points Research participants with a confirmed diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome were compared to a comparable group without carpal tunnel syndrome. Both groups were asked about their prior occupational and recreational exposures. This study could be characterized as: Selected Answer: Case control Correct Answer: Case control Response Feedback: See Chapters 6, 7, and 8 (pp. 262-264) of your text. • Question 7 5 out of 5 points The entire population of a given community is examined and all who are judged to be free from bowel cancer are questioned extensively about their diets. These people then are followed for several years to see whether or not their eating habits will predict their risk of developing bowel cancer. This is an example of what type of study? Selected Answer: Prospective cohort Correct Answer: Prospective cohort Response Feedback: See Chapters 6, 7, and 8 (pp. 301-302) of your text. • Question 8 5 out of 5 points In order to reduce random error and increase the strength of the findings, researchers should use a small sample size. Selected Answer: False Correct Answer: False Response Feedback: See Chapter 10, pp. 390-391 of your text. • Question 9 5 out of 5 points In the Bradford Hill Criteria for Causation, the ________ the association, the more likely it is that the relation of "A" to "B" is causal. Selected Answer: Stronger Correct Answer: Stronger Response Feedback: Chapter 10, pp. 390-391 of your text • Question 10 5 out of 5 points The positive predictive value of a screening test indicates the: Selected Answer: Proportion of the individuals screened positive by the test who actually have the disease Correct Answer: Proportion of the individuals screened positive by the test who actually have the disease Response Feedback: See Chapter 11, p. 424 of your text • Question 11 5 out of 5 points The specificity of a screening test indicates: Selected Answer: The ability of the test to identify all screened individuals who actually do not have the disease Correct Answer: The ability of the test to identify all screened individuals who actually do not have the disease Response Feedback: See Chapter 11, p. 424 of your text • Question 12 5 out of 5 points The primary difference between an experimental and observational study is that the investigator: Selected Answer: Controls the subject s exposure in an experimental study but not in an observational study Correct Answer: Controls the subject s exposure in an experimental study but not in an observational study Response Feedback: See Chapter 6, pp. 244-245 of your text. • Question 13 5 out of 5 points In contrast to observational studies, clinical trials are used to test the: Selected Answer: Efficacy of therapeutic measures such as pharmaceuticals or exercise Correct Answer: Efficacy of therapeutic measures such as pharmaceuticals or exercise Response Feedback: See pp. 244-45 of your text • Question 14 5 out of 5 points The process in a clinical trial whereby the investigator assigns subjects to either the treatment or comparison/control group is known as _________________. Selected Answer: Randomization Correct Answer: Randomization Response Feedback: See Chapter 8, pp. 339-341 of your text • Question 15 5 out of 5 points A good screening test should be ____________. Selected Answer: All of the above Correct Answer: All of the above Response Feedback: see Chapter 11, p. 417-418 of your text. • Question 16 5 out of 5 points In the Framingham study, a group of residents had been followed since the 1950s to identify occurrence and risk factors for heart disease. Which type(s) of study does it represent? Selected Answer: Cohort Correct Answer: Cohort Response Feedback: see Chapter 6, pp. 245-246; Chapter 7, pp. 294-295 of your text. • Question 17 5 out of 5 points The Cancer and Steroid Hormone (CASH) study asked women with breast cancer and a comparable group of women without breast cancer about their prior use of oral contraceptives ( the Pill ). What type of study does this represent? Selected Answer: Case-control Correct Answer: Case-control Response Feedback: See Chapter 6, pp. 245-246; 262-264 of your text • Question 18 5 out of 5 points An intervention designed for the purpose of educational and behavioral changes at the population level is a community intervention. Selected Answer: True Correct Answer: True Response Feedback: See page p. 117 of your text, Chapter 6 • Question 19 5 out of 5 points Certain genes can be markers for susceptibility but do not confer risk on their own. Selected Answer: True Correct Answer: True Response Feedback: See page 182, Chapter 10 • Question 20 5 out of 5 points The host, agent, and behavior make up the epidemiologic triangle. Selected Answer: False Correct Answer: False Response Feedback: See page 138, Ch.8 of your text. • Question 21 0 out of 5 points In developed countries, chronic health problems have replaced infectious diseases as the leading killers during the past century. Selected Answer: False Correct Answer: True Response Feedback: See page 138 of your text, CH. 8. • Question 22 5 out of 5 points The entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of persons or animals is known as: Selected Answer: An infection Correct Answer: An infection Response Feedback: See p. 138 Ch. 8 • Question 23 5 out of 5 points The severity of a disease produced by an infectious agent is referred to as: Selected Answer: Virulence Correct Answer: Virulence Response Feedback: See p. 139 • Question 24 5 out of 5 points All of the following are examples of diseases known or believed to have a genetic basis EXCEPT: Selected Answer: Chlamydia Correct Answer: Chlamydia Response Feedback: See page 182-183, Ch. 10 • Question 25 5 out of 5 points Highly toxic chemicals that persist in the environment have been associated with disruption of the: Selected Answer: All of the above Correct Answer: All of the above Response Feedback: See p. 185, Ch.10