age 1 of 41
BIO 253 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Reabsorption occurs in .....Answer.....proximal convoluted tubule,
loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
Filtration occurs in the .....Answer.....glomerulus and bowman's
capsule
How do kidneys respond to alkalosis? .....Answer.....Slows down
active transport to H ions &
Excretes more bicarbonate
How do kidneys respond to acidosis? .....Answer.....Increased
Hydrogen in urine reabsorption of bicarb in urine
,age 2 of 41
Potassium deficit can be caused by .....Answer.....starvation,
burns, trauma, dehydration
chief regulator of sodium levels .....Answer.....kidneys
How does water leave the body? .....Answer.....Lungs during
breathing,
Sweat through skin
Urine
Feces
Difference between ECF and interstitial fluid .....Answer.....ECF is
all fluid outside cells, including interstitial fluid, which specifically
surrounds cells.
What is similar to plasma? .....Answer.....interstitial fluid
,age 3 of 41
high pressure in the .....Answer.....systemic circulation
Low pressure in the .....Answer.....pulmonary circulation
Organs of the Urinary system .....Answer.....kidneys, ureters,
urinary bladder, urethra
functional unit of the kidney .....Answer.....nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? .....Answer.....Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
, age 4 of 41
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of? .....Answer.....capillaries
Function of a nephron .....Answer.....filter blood and produce
urine
Two nephron types .....Answer.....juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons .....Answer.....-Long nephron loops
deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons .....Answer.....-85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
BIO 253 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Reabsorption occurs in .....Answer.....proximal convoluted tubule,
loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
Filtration occurs in the .....Answer.....glomerulus and bowman's
capsule
How do kidneys respond to alkalosis? .....Answer.....Slows down
active transport to H ions &
Excretes more bicarbonate
How do kidneys respond to acidosis? .....Answer.....Increased
Hydrogen in urine reabsorption of bicarb in urine
,age 2 of 41
Potassium deficit can be caused by .....Answer.....starvation,
burns, trauma, dehydration
chief regulator of sodium levels .....Answer.....kidneys
How does water leave the body? .....Answer.....Lungs during
breathing,
Sweat through skin
Urine
Feces
Difference between ECF and interstitial fluid .....Answer.....ECF is
all fluid outside cells, including interstitial fluid, which specifically
surrounds cells.
What is similar to plasma? .....Answer.....interstitial fluid
,age 3 of 41
high pressure in the .....Answer.....systemic circulation
Low pressure in the .....Answer.....pulmonary circulation
Organs of the Urinary system .....Answer.....kidneys, ureters,
urinary bladder, urethra
functional unit of the kidney .....Answer.....nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? .....Answer.....Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
, age 4 of 41
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of? .....Answer.....capillaries
Function of a nephron .....Answer.....filter blood and produce
urine
Two nephron types .....Answer.....juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons .....Answer.....-Long nephron loops
deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons .....Answer.....-85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
