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AS-408 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Hazard (Word for word) - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ A
condition or an object with the potential to cause or
contribute to an aircraft incident or accident.
Risk (Word for word) - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ The
composite of predicted severity and likelihood of the
potential effect of a hazard.
ICAO Definition - Safety - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ The
state in which risks associated with aviation activities,
related to, or in direct support of the operation of
aircraft, are reduced and controlled to an acceptable
level.
i.e. Mitigating risk to an acceptable level
ICAO Doc 9859 ICAO Safety Management Manual-
Definition of Safety - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Safety is the
state in which the risk of harm to persons or property is
reduced to, and maintained at or below an acceptable
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level through a continuing process of hazard
identification and risk management.
What is true about Absolute Safety - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Absolute safety with zero risk and no accidents
is an unrealistic expectation and a common mythin
aviation
Skill Fade - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Disuse of a skill results
in getting out of practice (rusty) resulting in
decreasedperformance and an increase in errors
Flying is a perishable skill
Startle Effect - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Generated by a
sudden event such as an aural warning and may
produce a 'reflex '-type reaction.
Can spark an instant primal instinctive reaction with an
inappropriate motor response. Reflex may be difficult to
correct under time pressure and may affect decision
making ability.
"Fight or flight"
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How do you remedy Startle Effect - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Training
What is the Unstable Approach Safety Metric? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ It measures pilots unable to get
aircraft at proper airspeed and altitude for stable
approach.
What is the typical rate of unstable approaches per
1,000 flights? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Typically there
are 13-14 unstable approaches per 1,000 flights.
What was the unstable approach rate during the
pandemic per 1,000 flights? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
During the pandemic, the unstable approach rate rose to
35 per 1,000 flights.
What does an increase in unstable approaches indicate
during the pandemic? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ It is an
example of skill fade as a result of decreased flight
activity.
ALOS - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Acceptable Level of
Safety:
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The level of safety performance agreed by State
authorities to be achieved for the civil aviation system in
a State, as defined in its State safety program,
expressed in terms of safety performance targets and
safety performance indicators.
Heat Map - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ A two-scale risk
matrix that uses color coding to visualize risk with red
representing a higher level of severity and probability
of an accident.
Risk Assessment Matrix (Heat Map) - .....ANSWER
...✔✔
Pyschic Numbing - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Psychological
effect indicates that a higher number of lives lost in an
accident does not equal an increase in our feelings
commensurately (proportionally)
Difference Through Distancing - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
We feel more empathy to those in society in which we
identify.
AS-408 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Hazard (Word for word) - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ A
condition or an object with the potential to cause or
contribute to an aircraft incident or accident.
Risk (Word for word) - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ The
composite of predicted severity and likelihood of the
potential effect of a hazard.
ICAO Definition - Safety - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ The
state in which risks associated with aviation activities,
related to, or in direct support of the operation of
aircraft, are reduced and controlled to an acceptable
level.
i.e. Mitigating risk to an acceptable level
ICAO Doc 9859 ICAO Safety Management Manual-
Definition of Safety - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Safety is the
state in which the risk of harm to persons or property is
reduced to, and maintained at or below an acceptable
,2|Page
level through a continuing process of hazard
identification and risk management.
What is true about Absolute Safety - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Absolute safety with zero risk and no accidents
is an unrealistic expectation and a common mythin
aviation
Skill Fade - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Disuse of a skill results
in getting out of practice (rusty) resulting in
decreasedperformance and an increase in errors
Flying is a perishable skill
Startle Effect - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Generated by a
sudden event such as an aural warning and may
produce a 'reflex '-type reaction.
Can spark an instant primal instinctive reaction with an
inappropriate motor response. Reflex may be difficult to
correct under time pressure and may affect decision
making ability.
"Fight or flight"
,3|Page
How do you remedy Startle Effect - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Training
What is the Unstable Approach Safety Metric? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ It measures pilots unable to get
aircraft at proper airspeed and altitude for stable
approach.
What is the typical rate of unstable approaches per
1,000 flights? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Typically there
are 13-14 unstable approaches per 1,000 flights.
What was the unstable approach rate during the
pandemic per 1,000 flights? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
During the pandemic, the unstable approach rate rose to
35 per 1,000 flights.
What does an increase in unstable approaches indicate
during the pandemic? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ It is an
example of skill fade as a result of decreased flight
activity.
ALOS - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Acceptable Level of
Safety:
, 4|Page
The level of safety performance agreed by State
authorities to be achieved for the civil aviation system in
a State, as defined in its State safety program,
expressed in terms of safety performance targets and
safety performance indicators.
Heat Map - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ A two-scale risk
matrix that uses color coding to visualize risk with red
representing a higher level of severity and probability
of an accident.
Risk Assessment Matrix (Heat Map) - .....ANSWER
...✔✔
Pyschic Numbing - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Psychological
effect indicates that a higher number of lives lost in an
accident does not equal an increase in our feelings
commensurately (proportionally)
Difference Through Distancing - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
We feel more empathy to those in society in which we
identify.
